The economy of Kamensk-Uralsky

View of the Kamensky pig-iron-smelting plant (today Kamensk-Uralsky)

Kamensk-Uralsky is one of the largest and oldest industrial cities in the Urals. After that, iron ore was found on the banks of Kamenka and Iset , a permanent settlement appeared on the current territory of the city. Since the ore lay close to the surface, it was easily mined manually. In 1682, a decree was issued according to which the local Dalmatian Assumption Monastery received the surrounding lands. The monastery contributed to the resettlement of their peasants, who began to iron out their needs.

Demand for iron particularly intensified in the early 1700s, when the Russian army lost all artillery in the Battle of Narva. Due to the war, the purchase of iron abroad also ceased. Then Peter I drew attention to the Ural lands rich in ores. They were withdrawn back to the treasury of the land along the banks of the Kamenka and Iset rivers. In 1701, according to the Decree of Peter I, the construction of an ironworks began here, and in the same year on October 15, 1701, cast iron was smelted at the Kamensky Plant. Kamensky Iron Foundry became the first iron foundry in the Urals . The settlement around it in the 18th-19th centuries was also called the Kamensky Treasury Iron Foundry.

In 1704, the Verkhne-Kamensky Plant was built near Kamensky. The plant functioned until 1723. His workers lived nearby, in the built village of New Factory.

Artillery guns of the Kamensk Iron Foundry took part in the Battle of Poltava when Russian troops defeated the Swedish army, ensuring Russia's victory in the Northern War, in the Patriotic War of 1812.

Warehouses of the Kamensk plant: area of ​​the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution, Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk region

From 1825 to 1829, according to the projects of the chief architect of the Ural mining plants M.P. Malakhov, the reconstruction of the Kamensky plant was carried out. During the reconstruction, two new blast furnaces were built, a factory building, storage facilities, a hospital, and the main temple of the city was rebuilt.

Before Malakhov changed the appearance of the Kamensky plant in the adjacent village, about two hundred wooden houses of its inhabitants stood in disarray. A dam was built on the river; factory buildings stood on its bank.

By the second decade of the 19th century, buildings and the dam were dilapidated and threatened not only with destruction, but also with the halt of the entire factory production.

In 1821-1823, according to the projects of the Ural architect M.P. Malakhov, reconstruction of factory structures was carried out. \ At the same time, the development of the plant territory was streamlined. Throughout the XIX century, production developed at the Kamensky Plant. On October 1, 1923, the Kamensky plant was stopped for conservation, and in 1926 they were closed due to outdated equipment and lack of fuel. The plant worked for about 225 years. In recent years, the Kamensky plant has produced cast-iron water pipes. Due to the continued need for pipes, in 1931 a decision was made to build a new pipe plant in Kamensk near the Sinarskaya railway station. Sinarsky Pipe Plant was commissioned in 1934.

In the 1930s, the village of Kamensk became the industrial center of the Urals. In 1929, a geological exploration party worked here, which examined the local deposits of iron ore, building sand, coal, peat, and limestone. She managed to discover deposits of aluminum ore - bauxites, as a result of which on December 3, 1932, the Council of Labor and Defense decided to build the Ural Aluminum Plant in the area of ​​the village of Krasnaya Gorka. The Ural Aluminum Plant began to function on September 5, 1939.

April 20, 1935 the village of Kamensk became a city. On June 6, 1940, the new city was named Kamensk-Uralsky.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Kamensk-Uralsky Aluminum Plant was the only plant that provided the USSR aviation industry with aluminum.

On May 5, 1944, the Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Plant was built in the city. After the war, the remaining evacuated metallurgy and engineering enterprises continued to work in the city.

In 1949, the construction of a large Radio Plant (PO "October") with a design bureau began in the city. The objective of the plants was the production of aircraft altimeters. In 1951, the first production was launched at the radio factory. Since 1954, tube radiol ^[1] was produced at the plant No. 379 MAP (Kamensk-Ural Instrument-Making Plant).

In 1960, gasification of the city began; in 1970, the Iset factory began to operate in the city. The plant produced electrical connectors for aviation and space technology.

In the 1980s - 1990s, the existing plants gradually increased production volumes in the city, workshops were built, automated control systems, computers were introduced, new types of products were developed, including consumer goods. The construction of the city continued. In the 1990s, on the western outskirts of the Krasnogorsk district of the city, a new residential neighborhood “Yuzhny” was built.

After the collapse of the USSR, the products of the city enterprises did not find sources of sales. The rise in market prices led to the fact that buyers could not pay for the delivered goods, there was no money for raw materials and salary payments.

In 1992, the privatization of urban enterprises began, and the ruble devalued. Privatization was accompanied by delays in salaries, layoffs, and the introduction of a shorter work week. Kindergartens, recreation camps, sports facilities, which were on the balance sheet of enterprises, were transferred to the municipality, which was unable to cope with their financing. The urban population in these years begins to decrease, which was associated not only with natural decline, but also with migration from the city in search of work. Near the city in large numbers there were new collective gardens, kitchen gardens.

With the country's transition to the capitalist path of development, the city began the development of small trade, the service sector, as well as a decline in the work of large enterprises. On the streets of the city there were a lot of closely adjacent outlets.

In the 90s, the first cable television and the first television company, Fact, appeared in the city. Export of products to the markets of North America and Western Europe gave an impetus to the development of large enterprises of the city, such as SinTZ OJSC, KUMZ OJSC, and KUZOTsM OJSC.

In the early 2000s, new trade rules were introduced in the city, which led to the demolition of iron stalls. They were gradually replaced by shops on the ground floors of buildings. The former apartments of the first floors along the central streets of the city (Aluminum, Victory Avenue, Suvorov) were rebuilt as shops.

Throughout history, transport has developed in the city. The city is located at the intersection of the railway lines Yekaterinburg - Kurgan and Chelyabinsk - Alapaevsk - Serov. There is a junction railway station Kamensk-Uralsky . City Electric trains deliver passengers to Yekaterinburg , Kurgan , Chelyabinsk , Bogdanovich , Kamyshlov , Sukhoi Log , Shadrinsk . Passenger trains connect the city with the cities of the Urals, Siberia, the Center and the South of Russia ^[2] .

There are intercity and suburban bus services in the city, and a bus station is located near the railway station.

Near the city is located Travyanskiy military airfield, named after the name of the nearby village. Koltsovo International Airport is 90 km away from Yekaterinburg.

The city is also developing public transport. From 1956 to 2015, a trolleybus system existed in the city.

In 2015, the average monthly salary in the city in industry amounted to 31 802 rubles, in construction - 24 184 rubles, the number of people employed in the city's economy amounted to 89.2 thousand people, the turnover of enterprises and organizations of the city - 105 393.2 million rubles ^{[3 ]} . In general, the salary level in the city takes 16th place in the Sverdlovsk region ^[4] , while the Metkombank created in Kamensk-Uralsky was recognized as the largest and most profitable in the Sverdlovsk region in the 3rd quarter of 2016 ^[5] .

Currently, about 730 organizations of various types of ownership are registered in the city, which work in the field of industrial production and provide more than 60% of the total turnover of the city organizations.

The leading role in the industrial complex of the city belongs to manufacturing enterprises, which provide more than 55.0% of the industrial output of the city. The enterprises producing and distributing electricity, water and natural gas account for about 4.6%. 36 large and medium industrial enterprises with more than 28.5 thousand people work in the city, which makes up 52.9% of the total number of people working in large and medium enterprises and in city organizations.

The city-forming organizations of the city are non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy enterprises (shares in the total production volume are 69.0% and 17.5%, respectively ^[6] ). Their products are raw materials for machine-building and metal-working enterprises (3.7% of the city’s economy ^[6] ). In addition, the following industries are represented: electricity (3.5%), food (3.2%), building materials (0.7%), light industry (0.2%).

Kamensk-Uralsky contributes to the economy of the entire Sverdlovsk region , provides 12.9% of the regional output of non-ferrous metallurgy ^[6] .

Despite the unfavorable macroeconomic situation, the enterprises of the Kamensk-Uralsky industrial complex have shown positive dynamics over the past two years. This was made possible thanks to efforts to market products, working closely with strategic customers, expanding markets, and manufacturing import-substituting products.

Industrial enterprises

Four city-forming enterprises account for 75.4% of total industrial production. These include: SinTZ OJSC , RUSAL, KUMZ OJSC , and Oktyabr Production Association .

• Non - ferrous metallurgy enterprises ( KUZOTSM OJSC , UAZ-SUAL - a branch of SUAL OJSC, KUMZ OJSC ) produce rolled products and press products from brass, copper, bronze, aluminum, aluminum-lithium alloys; alloy drill pipe; primary aluminum , alumina , crystalline silicon are produced.

Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Plant (OJSC KUMZ) was created as a special metallurgy plant within the Ministry of Aviation Industry to provide aircraft manufacturing with semi-finished products from aluminum and magnesium alloys obtained by pressure treatment.

The Ural Aluminum Plant (UAZ) is one of the oldest enterprises in the aluminum industry of the USSR and Russia . Here, for the first time in the USSR , powerful electrolyzers with self-baking anodes were used with lateral current supply at a current strength of 55 kA. Electricity was supplied to the enterprise with the nearby Krasnogorsk TPP, which later became an independent enterprise.

• The ferrous metallurgy enterprise, SinTZ OJSC, produces pipes for the oil and gas complex, which make up up to 70% of its total production. The main segment of the supply market is the oil and gas sector. It also produces soldered soldered, steel seamless cold and hot-deformed and corrosion-resistant pipes. SinTZ PJSC in 2015 produced seamless steel pipes.

• Machine-building and metalworking enterprises ( Oktyabr Production Association , Uralelectromash CJSC, KULZ OJSC, Uraltekhmash CJSC, Iset Plant OJSC) are engaged in the production of radio altimeters, radar equipment, consumer electronics, electric motors and electrical connectors, heating systems, iron and color casting.
• The city’s food industry is represented by enterprises: Kamensk-Uralsky Bakery, OJSC, Milk OJSC, KAMPI CJSC (Brewery), produces bread, dairy and alcohol products ^[7] . The city has a canned meat factory that produces meat and sausages. The plant was closed in 2013 ^[8] .
• At city building materials enterprises (OJSC KUZZHBI-Uralsky DSK, LLC Sinarsky factory of building materials, LLC Kamensk-Uralsky factory of building materials Si Mat, Kamensk-Uralsky structural production unit of the State Unitary Enterprise SB Forestry Industrial Association (formerly State University Kamensk-Uralsky Leskhoz, became part of the State Unitary Enterprise SB LHPO at the end of 2008 on the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region on the reorganization of enterprises in the field of forest relations), Kamensk-Stalkonstruktsiya OJSC, OJSC "Stroymontazhkonstruktsiya") from local raw materials produce bricks, reinforced concrete slabs, metal and wooden structures.
• Light industry of the city ​​(sewing factories “Mayak” and “Elegant”, OJSC “Shoe factory”), competing with Chinese manufacturers, meets the needs of city residents in clothing, bedding and leather shoes.

SMEs

At the end of 2015, 6,840 enterprises of various types of ownership, including 3,834 individual entrepreneurs, were registered on the territory of the municipality of Kamensk-Uralsky. Currently, the city is implementing a subprogram “Promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Kamensk-Uralsky city municipality for 2014-2018” of the municipal program “Implementing socio-economic policy on the territory of the Kamensk-Uralsky city municipality for 2014-2018."

In 2016, 3,843.33 thousand rubles were allocated for the implementation of the subprogram, including 1,780.0 thousand rubles from the local budget, and 2,063.33 thousand rubles from the regional budget.

In 2015, 691 stores operated in the city, including shopping and entertainment centers, shopping centers, shopping malls and 274 non-stationary shopping facilities (kiosks, pavilions, vending machines, summer cafes, tankers), which amounted to 28.4% of the total number of shopping objects (965).

The economic crisis in the country in 2015 had a significant impact on trade and the services sector of the city. The purchasing power of the population, especially imported goods, decreased. The income of potential consumers of services decreased. To keep small business afloat, entrepreneurs reduced their own expenses, carried out staff reductions.

To reduce the cost of renting premises, entrepreneurs began to take orders at home, began to rent premises away from the city center, use cheaper materials for work, and provide Internet services. Many entrepreneurs are forced to close their business. So, in one year, 11 shoe repair outlets closed in the city. The demand for repair and maintenance of vehicles decreased.

Among the leaders in the services provided were pawnshops and funeral homes. To meet the demand of the population in 2015, a new Farewell Hall was opened in the city.

Currently, there are about 580 enterprises providing services to the population in the city, including 84 hairdressing and beauty salons, 70 home repair firms, 54 shoe workshops and 42 tailoring and clothing repair shops ^[9] .

The city is developing such a branch of the economy as tourism. The flow of tourists to Kamensk-Uralsky is growing annually by 20%. A significant share of the tourist flow is occupied by foreign tourists, which was greatly facilitated by the sharp depreciation of the ruble against foreign currencies. In 2015, the tourist flow amounted to about 65 thousand people. Currently, the city presents the following types of tourism:

• cultural and educational (visiting the museum, temples, zoos, including the Bird Island Zoo, a trip along the Iset River);
• medical. In the city there are sanatoriums, dispensaries, phytocenter Praskovya;
• спортивный (мотогонки на льду, мотокросс, народная гребля);
• экстремальный (воздухоплавание, скалолазание, сплавы по реке);
• событийный (фестиваль колокольного звона, воздухоплавания, карнавал, детский карнавальчик, «Зеленая карета», Каменская прогулка).

Туристская инфраструктура города включает в себя 13 гостиниц и 5 санаториев-профилакториев на 1 082 мест. В 2015 году получили категорию 3 звезды санаторий-профилакторий «У трех пещер»; две гостиницы ФГУП ПО «Октябрь»: гостиница по пр. Победы, 4 — 2 звезды, гостиница по ул. Lenin. На территории города гостинице «Green Hall» присвоена категория 4 звезды.

К основным учреждениям культуры, действующим на территории города, относятся ^[10] :

• 2 театра ( Каменск-Уральский театр драмы «Драма номер три» и Театр актёра и куклы «Гонг») и 7 театральных студий (Детский музыкально-драматический театр-студия «Да здравствуют дети!» ^[11] (В ДК «Юность»), Камерный театр «Артель» (в ДК «Юность)» ^[12] , театр-студия «Пирамида», детская театральная студия «Маленький театрик», театр-студия «Мастерская праздника», детская театральная студия «Опасное напряжение» и театральная студия при храме Иоанна Богослова);
• 2 кинотеатра («Кино FOX» и «Кино FOX 3D»);
• 5 дворцов культуры («СУАЛ», «Металлург», «СинТЗ», «Юность», «Современник»);
• Краеведческий музей им. И. Я. Стяжкина ^[13] ;
• Геологический музей имени А. Е. Ферсмана
• Музеи истории предприятий;
• Городские парки и фонтаны.

Город Каменск-Уральский входит в перечень исторических городов России. В городе имеется памятник архитектуры федерального значения и 42 памятника архитектуры областного значения ^[14] . Также здесь установлены памятники героям страны: памятник генералу Дубынину был открыт в июне 2013 года ^[15] . На проспекте Победы возведен памятник Герою Советского Союза Кунавину Григорию Павловичу.

В городе работают Троицкий собор, Церковь Покрова Божией Матери, Церковь Покрова Божией Матери, Храм в честь Архистратига Божия Михаила (2012) ^[16] .

В городской черте расположены памятники природы . Среди них скалы : Каменные ворота — памятник природы областного значения, Три пещеры, Мамонт ; скалы Семь братьев , Филин , Динозавр, Чёртов палец, Токарев (Лобастый) камень и др. Также здесь расположен гидрологический памятник природы — источник Кодинский тёплый ключ ^[17] . Уральский краевед и писатель Шевалев В. П. разработал маршрут «Тропа Карпинского» ^{[18] [19]} , на котором можно увидеть интересные обнажения большого числа периодов формирования земной коры.

• Троллейбус Каменска-Уральского
• Каменск-Уральский (аэродром)
• Трамвай Каменска-Уральского

• Socio-economic development of Kamensk-Uralsky .
• Rocks of Kamensk-Uralsky . Site "Our Urals".

• Socio-economic situation of urban districts and municipal districts of the Sverdlovsk region for 2009–2013. Part 1: Statistical Digest / Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk Region. Yekaterinburg. 2014.
• Socio-economic situation of urban districts and municipal districts of the Sverdlovsk region for 2009–2013. Part 2: Statistical Digest / Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk Region. Yekaterinburg. 2014.