Iosif Getalevich Dyadkin ( November 24, 1928 , Belaya Tserkov - March 8, 2015 , Tver ) - Soviet and Russian physicist and geophysicist, dissident and member of the human rights movement in the USSR and post-Soviet Russia, member of the Moscow Helsinki Group , public figure.
| Iosif Dyadkin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | November 24, 1928 |
| Place of Birth | Belaya Tserkov , Ukrainian SSR |
| Date of death | March 8, 2015 (86 years) |
| Place of death | Tver , Russia |
| Citizenship |  USSR →  Russia |
| Occupation | geophysicist, dissident, human rights activist |
Content
Biography
Early years. Becoming a profession
Born in 1928 in the city of Belaya Tserkov, Kiev region, in the family of a pharmacist. In 1930, the family moved to Vinnitsa , from where he and his mother moved to Kronstadt in 1941, where his father served as chief of a pharmacy at a naval hospital. At the beginning of World War II, he was evacuated with his mother to Votkinsk ( Udmurt ASSR ). From the evacuation, the family returned to Kronstadt (1944), where he graduated from high school (1946). In 1952 he graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute [1] [2] .
After graduating from the institute for 22 years he worked in the production and research geophysical organizations of Bashkiria [1] [2] .
Scientific work
Participated in the development of radioactive logging in the USSR. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1961). In 1964-1973, Associate Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics of the Bashkir State University [3] . From 1974 to 1996 - Head of the Laboratory of Theory of Radioactive Logging at VNIIGIS in Tver. He has published about 80 scientific papers in domestic and international scientific journals, including two monographs on the application of nuclear physics in geophysical exploration [4] .
In 1959, together with Alexei Zolotov, he took part in an expedition to study the phenomenon of the Tungussky meteorite [5] .
Human rights activities
In 1976, he wrote the research paper Statists, in which he analyzed the open demographic data of the USSR census using strict methods of mathematical statistics. As a result of this analysis, he drew conclusions about the population losses in the USSR that were silenced by the Soviet authorities. Iosif Dyadkin calculated that from 1928 to 1941 in the USSR, from 10 to 15 million people died from all types of repression and starvation. And for the period from 1941 to 1949 (that is, for the war and 4 post-war years) - 30 million people. This brochure was actively distributed in samizdat , and was subsequently published in the United States [6] [4] [7] .
He was engaged in human rights activities, participated in the work of the Foundation for Assistance to Political Prisoners and their Families [4] .
In 1980, he was arrested on charges of “knowingly false fabrications defaming the Soviet state and social system” (Article 190.1 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR) and was sentenced to 3 years in camps [1] [2] . A statement by Alexander Solzhenitsyn in defense of Dyadkin said:
April 28 [1980] in the USSR in Kalinin (Tver) arrested geophysicist Joseph Dyadkin. Recently, in his samizdat work, he produced a statistical demographic estimate of unnatural mortality in the USSR from 1929 to 1956 — those numbers of extermination that the communist government carefully conceals. For trying to figure them out, he bears the price. His scientific work is devoid of any political aspect [8] [9] .
Released in 1983. In 1989, on the initiative of Sergey Kovalev, he was introduced to the revived Moscow Helsinki Group [1] . Co-chairman of the Tver Historical Education and Human Rights Memorial Society from 1994 to 1999 [2] [4] . In 1998-1999, he was co-chairman of the commission for human rights under the governor of the Tver region [10] .
Books
- In Russian
- Dyadkin IG. Monte Carlo methods in physics; Monte Carlo methods in quantum mechanics // Monte Carlo methods in physics and geophysics. - Ufa: Bashkir State University, 1973. - 322 p.
- Dyadkin I. G. Ch. 1-7 // Nuclear geophysics in the study of oil fields. - M .: Nedra, 1978. - 359 p.
- In English
- Dyadkin, Iosif G. Unnatural Deaths in the USSR: 1928-1954. - New Brunswick, USA: Transaction Book, 1983. - ISBN 0878559191 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Dyadkin Joseph Getselevich Neopr . "Memories of the Gulag and their authors . " Sakharov Center . - Computer database. The appeal date is December 4, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 In Tver, Russian human rights activist Joseph Dyadkin died . Radio Liberty (March 9, 2015). The appeal date is December 4, 2016.
- ↑ Department of Geophysics of the Bashkir University
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 In memory of Joseph Dyadkin Neopr . Memorial (March 10, 2015). The appeal date is December 4, 2016.
- ↑ Zolotov A. Tree tells ...: About the nature of the explosion of the Tunguska cosmic body // Leninets: Newspaper. - 1960. - Vol. May 19th
- ↑ Dyadkin Joseph Getselevich (1928-2015) . Moscow Helsinki Group . The appeal date is December 4, 2016.
- ↑ Dyadkin, 1983 .
- ↑ Solzhenitsyn A. I. About the arrest of Joseph Dyadkin (May 14, 1980): Statement for the press // Solzhenitsyn A. I. Publicism: in 3 tons. - Yaroslavl: Upper Volga. Prince Publishing house, 1997. - T. 2: Public statements, letters, interviews . - p . 540 . Archived December 20, 2016.
- ↑ Solzhenitsyn A. Gotted a seed between two millstones: Essays on exile. Part 2: (1979-1982), ch. 6 // New World. - M. , 2000. - № 9 .
- ↑ Human rights activist and dissident Joseph Dyadkin died . Grani.Ru (March 9, 2015). The appeal date is December 6, 2016.
Links
- Interview with Joseph Dyadkin Neopr . The appeal date is December 3, 2016.