Libin Psychographic Test

The test is based on a combination of the three principles of psychographic analysis of personality:

• preferences of semantics of basic geometric forms;
• constructive drawings;
• psychographic image of a human figure.

During the test, three elementary geometric shapes are used: a triangle, a circle and a square. The test subject is invited to draw an image of a person using these geometric shapes. Forms can be any size. In different variations of the test, it is proposed to make from four to six figures ^[1] . Three figures should consist of 10 geometric shapes. The fourth (optional) - from 12, the fifth (optional) - from an unlimited number of forms, and the sixth - the contour of the head with a face of 10 parts of such forms. The first drawing should be drawn without corrections. Each geometric symbol is assigned the value of the basic properties of the nervous system: a triangle - excitation, a square - inhibition, a circle - energy ^[2] .

Interpretation in the test is carried out according to the principle from simple to complex ^[2] . First, a semantic analysis of geometric forms is carried out, then the leading type or subtype of individuality of a person is determined. The second step is the analysis of the individual elements of the picture. At the end, the general characteristics of the whole picture are analyzed.

Semantic analysis of geometric shapes

For each figure, the number of triangles, circles and squares used is separately calculated and recorded next to the image in the form of three-digit numbers. The first number indicates the number of triangles, the second - circles, and the third - squares. For example, 8-1-1 means that 8 triangles, 1 circle and 1 square were used in the image of a person. Three-digit numbers are the formula of the picture, according to which the leading type and subtypes are determined.

• The formula of the first figure indicates a leading subtype that determines the stable or dominant state of the subject;
• The formula of the second figure indicates the current subtype that characterizes the current state of the person;
• The formula of the third figure indicates a potential subtype that characterizes a conscious or unconscious desire for change.

The most basic advantage in the technique is the diagnosis of the type of nervous system or perception style using the constructed subjective semantic space. How does this happen?

Subjective semantic space is formed as a result of cluster analysis on the coordinate system of vertical quantitative indicators of triangles and horizontal quantitative indicators of squares in each figure.

Here will be a drawing of subjective semantic space.

Successful fighter pilots constructing an image of a human figure from geometric shapes on a piece of paper form the following quantitative indicators: 8 triangles, 1 circle and 1 square; 7 triangles, 2 circles and 1 square; 7 triangles, 1 circle and 2 squares; to a lesser extent 6 triangles, 3 circles and 1 square, as well as 6 triangles, 2 circles and 2 squares and 6 triangles 1 circle and 3 squares. Such design formulas correspond to a strong type of nervous system relative to arousal. It is understandable that the psychophysiological selection in flight schools is quite effective and out of 10 accepted by the indicators of psychophysiological selection, 7 people are successful fighter pilots (cosmonauts), i.e. selection efficiency reaches an average of 70%.

The number of triangles is plotted on the vertical axis of the subjective semantic space (MTP), and the number of squares is plotted on the horizontal axis. The number of round shapes forms spontaneously (indicated by strokes).

We can argue that the TIGR technique also developed from the method of diagnosing hysterical, as well as neurasthenic and psychasthenic neuroses, and therefore, people's predisposition to them.

At the same time, the type of neurosis is at the same time a pronounced personality type (A.B. Lichko, V.N. Myasishchev, etc.). We completely agree with this, but we only call it HUMAN STYLE.

If we take other signs of hysteria, then such a feature as overexcitation is inherent in it, as a result of which this type of neurosis appears. Normally, those aforementioned subjects feel the need to choose more triangular shapes, which we designate as excitement. That is why operator activity is more successfully performed by people who maintain a constant level of excitement (need for information) and only overexcitation gives a hysterical neurosis. Therefore, demonstration is agitation, and overexcitation is hysteria.

The theory of Z. Freud was begun with the study of Hysteria.

The 1st cluster was formed as a result of drawings received from most successful fighter pilots with the formula of drawings: 811 721 712 631 622 613.

We called such people who fell into this cluster DEMONSTRATIVE. Because the most successful pilots are fighters including demonstrated during the flight aerobatics. The type of nervous system of such people with such formulas is characterized as a STRONG TYPE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM REGARDING EXCITATION.

Since we conducted our studies on healthy subjects, in this case they showed that as a result of a cluster analysis conducted on test pilots of fighter aircraft, leaders of various levels, demonstrative manifestations were so pronounced that in the conventional understanding of “norm” this 1- cluster n is comparable with the 3rd scale of the SMIL.

The 2nd cluster was formed as a result of patterns starting with 5 triangles: 541 532 523 514 (the first digit is the number of triangles, the 2nd is the number of rounded shapes, the 3rd digit is the number of squares (rectangles) and we called the people who fall into this cluster is REALISTIC, and in case of neurosis it is UNBRANISH The type of nervous system of such people with such formulas is characterized as SENSITIVE.

The 3rd cluster was formed as a result of isomorphism with the 1st cluster (odd clusters) and as a result of the following figures according to the formulas: 451 442 433 361 352 271, where the number of triangles is always greater than the number of squares. We called such people UNREALISTIC, and in case of neurosis, a neurosis of obsessive states. The type of nervous system of such people is most likely SENSITIVE, but MENTAL is especially sensitive.

The 4th cluster was formed from figures in which the number of triangles is equal to the number of squares: 181 262 343 424. This cluster divides the BSC into two parts. We proposed to call the left part a schematic representation of the left hemisphere of the brain. The right side - respectively, the scheme of the right hemisphere of the GM. This cluster is isomorphic to the 2nd cluster (even clusters). We also called the people falling into this cluster REALISTIC, and in case of neurosis - UNPRETITIVE. The type of nervous system of such people with such formulas is characterized as SENSITIVE.

Isomorphic [iso ... <gr. isos equal, identical, similar + ... morphism - <gr. morphe form - the second component related in form to the first, in mathematics, the presence of a one-to-one mapping of two aggregates, preserving their structural properties; an isomorphism of a set with itself is called an automorphism ; isomorphism in topology is called a homeomorphism ].

Topology [column topos place + ... logic] is a branch of mathematics that studies the most general properties of geometric shapes (properties that do not change during any continuous transformations of shapes).

Since the left-hand side and the right-hand side are isomorphic in the SSP, the construction went further according to the principles of isomorphism.

The 5th cluster is isomorphic to the 3rd cluster (odd clusters) and consists of figures with formulas: 334 253 244 172 163 154, where the number of squares is always greater than the number of triangles. We called such people UNREALISTIC, and in case of neurosis, a neurosis of obsessive states, PSYCHASTIC NEUROSIS. The type of nervous system of such people is most likely SENSITIVE, but MENTAL is especially sensitive.

The 6th cluster is isomorphic to the 4th and 2nd (even clusters) and consists of drawings, where there are always 5 squares according to the formulas: 415 325 235 145. We also called people who fall into this cluster REALISTIC, and in case of neurosis, UNRUPTIVE. The type of nervous system of such people with such formulas is characterized as SENSITIVE.

The 7th cluster is isomorphic to the 5th and 1st (odd clusters) and consists of figures according to the formulas: 316 226 136 217 127 118, in which there are always more squares than triangles. We called such people who fell into this cluster DEMONTRATIVE, and with excessive inhibition - HYSTERIC NEUROSIS.

The type of nervous system of such people with such formulas is characterized as a STRONG TYPE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM REGARDING BRAKING.

Thus, 36 types of people formed on the MTP, as The 3 main first drawings consist of 10 elements. If the BSC is built on the basis of drawings consisting of 12 (always an even number of elements) 14, 16, etc., then there will be correspondingly more types. Moreover, the configuration of the BSC does not change and the patterns are stable.

MSP as Pascal's Triangle.

When considering the properties of Pascal's numerical triangle, the method of mathematical induction was applied for the first time in mathematics.

When, as a result of a cluster analysis of drawings made by fighter pilots, the author formed such a triangle, only then we read in the literature that this triangle is called the “Pascal Triangle”. And all together - a subjective semantic space. In such a subjective semantic space, more than one discovery of patterns characterizing the mental personality remains to be made.

Here will be a drawing of the “Pascal Triangle”, which was obtained by the author.

Visual optical-physical illustration: a beam refracted in a trihedral prism gives seven rays of the rainbow. BSC is built on the basis of three geometric shapes, the ratio of which after transformation in the coordinate system forms seven main clusters. What a natural coincidence!

What do the numbers next to the dots show? Points are formulas for the ratio of triangular, round and square. In our MTP there are only 36 of them. We list them.

1st cluster: 811, 721, 712, 631, 622, 613.

STRONG type of nervous system relative to arousal;

DEMONSTRATIVE;

3 scale MMPI-SMIL = HISTORY;

Constitutional classification by W. Sheldon = SOMATOTONICS (SOMA - BODY).

The numbers around the points are not set arbitrarily, but in accordance with the construction of the Pascal triangle. They show a trend. For example, the largest figure is near the point 613 = 84. This means that the hysterical manifestations in people who draw a figure of a person from geometric shapes using this formula are greatest.

2nd cluster: 541, 532, 523, 514.

SENSITIVE type of NS; The closer to the center of the BSC, the more sensitive;

REALISTIC;

9th scale of MMPI-SMIL = HYPOMANIA (NEURASTIC);

Constitutional classification by W. Sheldon = CEREBROTONICS (CEREBRO - BRAIN).

The largest figure stands at 514 = 126. This means that the neurasthenic manifestations of this type are greatest.

3rd cluster: 451, 361, 271, 442, 352, 433.

SENSITIVE TYPE NA plus SENSITIVE TYPE MENTAL;

7th scale of MMPI-SMIL = PSYCHASTENIA;

UNREALISTIC;

Constitutional classification by W. Sheldon = VISCEROTONICS (VISCERO - STOMACH).

The largest figure stands at 433 = 35. This means that the psychasthenic manifestations of this type are greatest.

4th cluster: 181, 262, 343, 424.

This cluster is isomorphic to cluster 2 and has the same features. The difference between these two clusters will be considered later.

SENSITIVE type of NS; The closer to the center of the BSC, the more sensitive;

REALISTIC;

9th scale of MMPI-SMIL = HYPOMANIA (NEURASTIC);

Constitutional classification by W. Sheldon = CEREBROTONICS (CEREBRO - BRAIN).

The largest figure stands at 424 = 70. This means that the neurasthenic manifestations of this type are greatest in this cluster.

5th cluster: 334, 244, 154, 253, 163, 172.

This cluster is isomorphic to the 3rd cluster.

SENSITIVE TYPE NA plus SENSITIVE TYPE MENTAL;

7th scale of MMPI-SMIL = PSYCHASTENIA;

UNREALISTIC;

Constitutional classification by W. Sheldon = VISCEROTONICS (VISCERO - STOMACH).

The largest figure stands at 334 = 35. This means that the psychasthenic manifestations of this type are greatest in this cluster.

Cluster 6: 145, 235, 325, 415. This cluster is characterized by the fact that the last squares in the figures are 5 squares. We will continue to consider why. But based on the psychophysical theory and Sheldon's constitutional theory, this regularity has to be. This is a little hard to believe at first. Faith comes after several years of practice.

This cluster is isomorphic to the 2nd and 4th clusters.

SENSITIVE type of NS; The closer to the center of the BSC, the more sensitive;

REALISTIC;

9th scale of MMPI-SMIL = HYPOMANIA (NEURASTIC);

Constitutional classification by W. Sheldon = CEREBROTONICS (CEREBRO - BRAIN).

The largest figure is near the point 415 = 126 in the same way as in the 2nd cluster. This means that the neurasthenic manifestations of this type are greatest in this cluster.

7th cluster: 316, 226, 217, 136, 127, 118.

This cluster is isomorphic to the 1st cluster.

STRONG type of nervous system regarding inhibition;

DEMONSTRATIVE;

3 scale MMPI-SMIL = HISTORY;

Constitutional classification by W. Sheldon = SOMATOTONICS (SOMA - BODY).

If you draw a human figurine from the geometric shapes of any even number - 12, 14, 16 ... then the Pascal triangle always remains in the BSC. Thus the unconscious psychic as the UNIVERSE is infinite.

Types and Subtypes

Based on the derived formulas, the test subtype is determined. Each of the 36 possible subtypes corresponds to a certain type ^[3] .

I type - a strong type of NS relative to excitement, often fighter pilots, “leaders” of various levels;

Type II - a sensitive type of NS, often business people in various fields of activity;

Type III - “anxious-suspicious”, responsible performers;

IV type - sensitive type of NS;

V type - "anxious-suspicious";

VII type - a strong type of NS regarding braking, often a pilot-fighter-bomber "";

The test has been developed since 1984 by V.V. Libin and colleagues on the basis of more than 30 thousand drawings obtained from more than 5000 adults and children of both sexes aged 6 to 92 years. The basis of the creation of a psychographic theory is the position of L.C. Vygotsky on the mediated nature of human mental processes ^[3] . In addition, by the time the test was developed, similar methods already existed, based on the analysis of the image of a person developed in the first half of the 20th century (tests “Draw a person” , “House-tree-person” ) ^[3] .

The ideographic test is used in the clinical work of psychologists. Since the test is short-term, it takes, on average, from 10 to 20 minutes, it is used to establish contact with the subject. In addition, the psychographic test is used during (hiring, in order to determine professional suitability, etc.) work with children who are involved in the testing process as in a game ^[4] . The effectiveness of the TiGr ​​test is confirmed by comparative studies with classical projective methods, such as the Luscher test (SMIL, partly standardized R. Kettell 16PF multivariate personality questionnaire (version A), partly RORSHAKH test) “ Drawing of a nonexistent animal ”. In the work “Psychographic test: a constructive drawing of a person from geometric shapes”, an example of comparing the ideographic test and the “ Tree ” test is considered:

Natalya’s social life is limited by the worries about the well-being of the family, which in the “Tree” test is depicted as a solid edge of a tree with inner curls that clearly separates the tree from the outside world. The tree trunk stands firmly on the ground, expanding slightly downward. The space around the tree indicates the stability of the position in the world. В рисунках ТиГр прочность и устойчивость социального положения передается изображением пропорциональных телу ног.(Наличие или отсутствие ног относится к семейным переживаниям. Что касается устойчивости социального положение, то прежде всего это больше касается рук, т.к. руки в рисунке символ взаимодействия со средой, а социальное положение это социальный статус, место в обществе – место, которое занимает человек внутри какого-либо сообщества людей. Наличие в рисунке рук свидетельствует о комфортном бессознательном чувстве в своем окру жении, например, на работе). Довольно крепкий ствол дерева соотносится с квадратным телом во втором рисунке ТиГр, означающем развитость деловых качеств, ориентацию на активную жизненную позицию.(И это тоже не соответствует действительности, т.к. квадратное туловище символ мужественности, а треугольное – символ женственности). Благополучие и богатый жизненный опыт изображен созревшими на дереве плодами. Две отсеченные у основания ствола ветви графически символизируют двух сыновей, оставшихся после неудачного брака. Подчеркнутый бровями

(Брови -- символ сниженного артериального давления) удивленный взгляд и круглое тело(Круглое тело – символ 6 шкалы СМИЛ) («первый рисунок ТиГр») указывают на то, что забота о детях носит несколько утрированный («брови») и даже навязчивый характер («круглое тело»). Взрослые дети Натальи стали слишком независимыми, чтобы играть отведенную им роль желторотых птенцов. Ориентируясь на традиционно женскую роль («треугольное тело в третьем рисунке ТиГр»), Наталья оказалась замкнутой в кольце семейных хлопот и неподготовленной («втянутая шея в первых двух рисунках») к смене ролей в отношениях с взрослыми детьми. Наталья не знает, куда ещё можно направить свои силы и энергию. Свободное время она отдает рукоделию, занимаясь вязанием, а также приготовлением изысканных блюд («круглые руки в третьем рисунке»), стараясь быть для всех нужной и полезной («треугольное тело в третьем рисунке»). Тем не менее, повторяющаяся во втором и третьем рисунках ТиГр треугольная шапка на голове указывает на то, что свойственная Наталье потребность окружить взрослых детей своим родительским теплом и заботой носит довольно тревожный характер

— Психографический тест: конструктивный рисунок человека из геометрических форм ^[3]

Психографический тест подвергается критике по тем же параметрам ^[5] , что и другие проективные методики. Из-за отсутствия или недостаточности нормативных данных (отсутствие нормативных шкал, статистических норм стандартизации) психолог бывает вынужден доверяться своему «клиническому опыту», что приводит к излишней субъективности результатов теста ^[4] . Нельзя положиться на ретестовую надежность, так как тестируемые могут по-разному отвечать в разное время ^[6] .

1. Либин В. В. Психографический тест: конструктивный рисунок человека из геометрических форм. - рукопись. 2017
2. Либин В. В, Либина А. В., Либин А. В. Психографический тест: конструктивный рисунок человека из геометрических форм. - Эксмо, 2008
3. Райгородский Д. Я. Практическая психодиагностика. Методики и тесты. Tutorial. - Самара: Издательский Дом «БАХРАХ», 1998-672 с.
4. Евсеева О. Е. ПРОБЛЕМА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТИВНЫХ МЕТОДИК В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПСИХОДИАГНОСТИКЕ // Актуальные проблемы психологии личности: сб. Art. по матер. VI междунар. scientific-practical conf. – Новосибирск: СибАК, 2011

Благодарности: благодарю свою супругу Маргариту Юрьевну за участие в тестировании методики в результате чего было найдено согласование с одной из шкал СМИЛ и найдено сопоставление с учетом профессиональных особенностей; своего сына Александра и его супругу Елену за популяризацию методики (метода), организацию испытания методики и её публикацию; Козловского Станислава Александровича за публикацию "Психографического теста Либина" на странице Википедии; несколько тысяч людей, которые соглашались на прохождение тестирования.

• Online version of the Tigr test