Balezina, Tamara Iosifovna

Born in Starobelsk (now - Lugansk region). She graduated from a 7-year school, then 2 courses of the Industrial Technical School - vocational schools, studying for the profession of tractor driver. In 1929 she entered the Stalin Medical Institute , from where in 1931 she transferred to the Kuibyshev Medical Institute . After graduating with honors from the Sanitary and Hygienic Faculty of the Kuibyshev Medical Institute in 1935, she worked as a bacteriologist in a clinic at Syzran I station. In 1936 she entered full-time postgraduate studies majoring in microbiology, then, in connection with the transfer of her husband to Moscow, she transferred to postgraduate studies at VIEM .

Since 1942, she worked in the Department of Biochemistry of Microbes of VIEM, led by Z. V. Ermolyeva , where she was directly involved in the creation of domestic penicillin .

In 1945-1952 she worked as a senior researcher at the All-Union Research Institute of Penicillin and Other Antibiotics, VNIHFI , Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamalei . In 1955-1956 she worked at the TsIU Doctors , in 1956-1975 - at the Institute of Virology. D. I. Ivanovsky , in recent years - as the head of the Interferon Cabinet. For a number of years, he was formally listed in other research institutes of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, remaining all the time under the guidance of Z. V. Yermolyeva, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Upon retiring, 26 years led a volunteer reception in the Health Room at REU on the street. Novopeschanaya in d. 8.

She died on August 11, 2010. She was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery (columbarium, section 55)

Family

Husband (from 03.20.1937) - Stepan Afanasevich Balezin, Associate Professor of the Medical Institute.

June 7, 1944 she defended her thesis ("Receiving, research and clinical use of penicillin") ^[1] . Since February 10, 1945 - Senior Researcher .

The author of more than 80 scientific papers ^[1] .

Penicillin

He is a co-author of domestic penicillin, obtained in laboratory conditions in 1942, regardless of the Anglo-American. It was she who, as a result of a long search, found the fungus penicillium crustosum, which served as the producer of a domestic drug called penicillin-crustosin VIEM ^[2] .

Interferon

In the 1950s, she developed a method for producing interferon based on chicken embryo fibroblasts. She also owns the idea of ​​searching for producers of endogenous interferon, that is, substances that make the human body produce its own interferon, thereby protecting itself from viral infections. For this work, on October 5, 1972, together with the employees, she received the copyright certificate No. 363746 for the invention “A method for producing interferon”. As an object of the invention, it states “A method for producing interferon in cell cultures of animal origin by introducing an inducer virus into a culture, characterized in that plant viruses are used as an interferon inducer to increase the duration of interferon formation”.

Selected Works

• Balezina T. I. On the history of the discovery of domestic penicillin // Antibiotics and chemotherapy. - 1994. - T. 39, No. 1. - S. 29-32.
• Balezina T. I. On the history of obtaining Z. V. Ermolieva penicillin // Antibiotics and chemotherapy. - 1998. - T. 43 , No. 2 . - S. 7-9 .
• Balezina T. I. Obtaining, research and clinical use of penicillin: Diss. ... cand. honey. - M.: VIEM, 1944.
• Ermolieva Z. V., Balezina T. I. Penicillin-krustustin VIEM // Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunology. - 1944. - No. 5.
• Ermolyeva Z. V., Balezina T. I., Marshak A. M. Penicillin and its clinical application // Clinical Medicine. - 1944. - T. 22, No. 3.

• badge "Excellent Health" (USSR)
• medals:
  • “For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War”
  • “50 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
  • “60 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
  • “65 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
  • “In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow”
  • “In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow”
  • "Veteran of Labor . "

• Ermolieva Z. V. Penicillin. - M., 1946.
• Ermolieva Z. V. The invisible army // Rear Guard. - M .: Politizdat, 1962.
• Ermolyeva Z. V. Penicillin-krustozin // Science and life. - 1967. - No. 10. - S. 118.
• Navashin S. M. Domestic penicillin 50 years: history and forecasts // Antibiotics and chemotherapy. - 1994. - T. 39, No. 1. - S. 4.
• Shifrin M. The arms race, or war with the microworld // Around the World. - 2006. - No. 10. - S. 210-220.

• Balezina Tamara Iosifovna (neopr.) . Russian Orthodox Church: St. Nicholas Cathedral. Date of treatment November 14, 2016.