The 1805 Ulmsko-Olmyuksky march-maneuver of Kutuzov in 1805 - a retreating march-maneuver of the corps of M.I. Kutuzov from Braunau region (east of Ulm, Austria ) to Olmütz (now Olomouc , Czech Republic), held from October 13 (25) to 10 (22) November during the Russian-Austro-French war of 1805.
| Ulm-Olmyutsky march-maneuver Kutuzov 1805 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Main conflict: Russian-Austro-French War 1805, Napoleonic Wars | |||
| date | from October 13 (25) to November 10 (22), 1805 | ||
| A place | Central Europe | ||
| Total | Kutuzov retained his troops and created favorable conditions for the actions of the allies | ||
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Background
After the defeat of the Danube Austrian army by the French near Ulm , a difficult situation was created for the Russian corps (the so-called Podolsk army , 50 thousand people), which was going to be connected with it, by General M.I. Kutuzov, who was in 5 crossings from Napoleon’s 200 thousandth army. Kutuzov understood that Napoleon, having dealt with the Austrian army, would also try to defeat the Russian troops. Considering this, as well as the considerable superiority of the French in the forces and the demands of the Austrian government to defend Vienna by all means, Kutuzov decided to withdraw his troops to Olmuts , to join the corps (the so-called Volyn army ) of the general from the infantry of FF Buchgevden (30 thousand people), who also went to Austria, and retreating Austrian troops, and then go on the counteroffensive.
Start Maneuver
Kutuzov’s organized retreat began when Russian intelligence reported that the French army had begun a movement toward Braunau . The withdrawal was carried out along the right bank of the Danube, was covered from the rear by the rearguard of General P.I. Bagration, from the flanks - by the Austrian troops of General M. Kinmeier and General I. Nostitz.
In order to delay the Napoleonic troops, the ferries across the Inn River were destroyed. To reinforce the rearguard of Bagration in a half-way between him and the main forces of the Russian troops, a separate detachment of General M. A. Miloradovich followed. 11/10/1805.11.10 (October 29), a battle took place near the village of Durenstein in Austria between the Russian troops under the command of generals M. A. Miloradovich and D. S. Dokhturov (21 thousand people) and the French corps under the command of Marshal E.A. Mortier (25 thousand people)
During the retreat, Kutuzov’s corps was forced to repel numerous attacks by Napoleon’s army: October 19 (31) on the Traun River near Lambak , October 23–24 (November 4–5) on the Enns River near Amstetten , then at St. Pölten , on the distant approaches to Vienna where the Russian corps stopped at a fortified position.
Kremskoye battle
Napoleon, regarding the actions of Kutuzov as a desire to hold the position at any cost, sent the corps of Marshal L. Davout, bypassing it from the south, and the corps of Marshal E. Mortier ferried from Linz to the left bank of the Danube with the task of seizing the crossings from Krems . Kutuzov, conducting continuous reconnaissance, guessed Napoleon's plan - to surround and destroy the Russian troops at St. Pölten . Having learned about the crossing of the Mortier Corps, the Russian Corps, on October 28 (November 9), under the guards of the rear guard, withdrew from the position of St. Pölten, prevented Mortier’s access to Krems and on October 30 (November 11) in the Battle of Krems in 1805 defeated his corps [1] .
The rapid transfer of the Russian troops across the Danube and the brilliant victory at Krems created favorable conditions for the fulfillment of Kutuzov’s strategic plan.
But the Austrians surrendered Vienna on November 1 (13), creating a new threat to the encirclement of the Russian troops.
March to Brunus
Under these conditions, Kutuzov, with a forced march, marched along the left bank of the Danube from Krems to Brunn, and in order to stop the French troops moving through Vienna to intercept Russian, he advanced a Bagration force to the Znaymsk road (6,000 men). Hoping to detain Kutuzov from Brunn until the main forces of the French army approached, Marshal Joachim Murat , commanding its vanguard, offered Kutuzov to conclude an armistice. Kutuzov used negotiations with Murat on truce to gain time and withdraw his corps from the blow. The heroic actions of the unit of Bagration near Schöngraben after the termination of the negotiations allowed the Russian troops to break away from the enemy on 2 transitions. On November 10 (22), in the area of Olmütz, Kutuzov’s troops merged with the Bugsgevden corps.
Summary
Skillfully organized and brilliantly carried out by the 400-km Ulm-Olmyutsky maneuver is one of the outstanding examples of the art of war of the 19th century . During the Ulm-Olmyutsky March Maneuver, Russian troops demonstrated their high combat skills, courage and endurance.
As a result of this maneuver, Kutuzov retained his troops and created favorable conditions for the actions of the allies.
See also
- War of the Third Coalition
- Battle of Krems
Notes
- ↑ Battle of Krems 1805
Literature
- P. A. Martirosov, E. F. Ustinov The Russian-Austro-French War of 1805.
- Sokolov O.V. Napoleon's Army. - SPb., 1999.
- Sokolov O.V. Austerlitz. Napoleon, Russia and Europe. 1799-1805 - T. 1-2. - M., 2006.
- Chandler D. Napoleon's military campaigns. M .: Tsentropoligraf, 1999.
- Lashuk A. Napoleon. Hikes and battles. M., 2004
- The Battle of Krems, October 30, 1805
- Delderfield R. Marshals of Napoleon. M .: Centropolygraph, 2001. P.159.
- Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky , Description of the first war of Emperor Alexander with Napoleon in 1805 on the website “Runivers”
- Tarle E.V. Napoleon. M., 1941. P.158.
- Harbotl T. Battle of World History. M .: Vneshigma, 1993. P.466.