Eyalet Yemen

In 1516, Egyptian Mamluks captured Yemen. But as early as next year, the Mameluk governor surrendered to the Turks, and Ottoman forces soon occupied Yemen. Towards the end of the sixteenth century, central authority in the Ottoman Empire had noticeably weakened, centrifugal forces found support in the growing discontent of the masses in many parts of the empire. In Yemen, as in other Arabian lands, Turkish power actually fell ^[3] . At the same time, the Zaydite imam Kasim the Great (reigned in 1597-1620) rebelled against the Ottoman authorities, declaring it a “holy war” and taking a series of anti-Turkish actions. He took advantage of the civil strife among the Ottoman administration and ousted the Turks from North Yemen in 1613, and four years later took the important city of Sa'ad and controlled by this time the entire territory from it to Sana'a. By 1636, the Turks were completely expelled from Yemen ^[4] . For over 100 years, the Ottomans unsuccessfully tried to subjugate Yemen in a number of attempts, but by the time they left the country they controlled only a narrow coastal strip along the Red Sea. By that time, the strategic importance for the Ottomans of owning Yemen had also disappeared due to the termination of rivalry with the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean ^[5] .

In 1849, taking advantage of the departure of the Egyptians from Yemen and the ongoing internal unrest in the country, a Turkish detachment led by Beylerbey Hijaza landed in Hodeyda, which ousted the sheriff of the city of Abu Arish from the previously occupied south of Tikhama . Imam Muhammad ibn Yahya surrendered to the Ottomans San and recognized himself as their vassal, but a popular uprising soon broke out, as a result of which the Turks retreated to the coast, and the imam was executed for treason. The country continued a fierce battle for the imamat, which led to an increase in local separatism. At the same time, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 allowed the Ottoman Empire to establish direct maritime communication with Arabia. By the beginning of the 1870s, the Turks again began the conquest of North Yemen ^[6] .

• Kara Shahin Mustafa Pasha (1556-1560)
• Mahmud Pasha (1561-1565)
• Ridwan Pasha (1565-1567)
• Osman Pasha Ozdemiroglu (1569-1573)

Beylerbey Eyalet in the 19th Century ^[7]

• Mustafa Sabri Pasha (May 1850 - March 1851)
• Mehmed Sirri Pasha (March 1851 - October 1851)
• Bonaparte Mustafa Pasha (October 1851 - May 1852)
• Kurth Mehmed Pasha (May 1852 - May 1856)
• Babanli Ahmed Pasha (for the first time) (May 1856 - December 1862)
• Musullu Ali Yaver Pasha (December 1862 - August 1864)
• Babanli Ahmed Pasha (August 1864 - February 1867)
• Tajirli Ahmed Pasha (February 1867 - March 1869)
• Halepli Ali Pasha (March 1869 - May 1871)
• Stomped Bursali Mehmed Redif Pasha (May 1871 - August 1871)

In the mid-19th century, Eyamen Yemen consisted of the following Sanjaks: ^[1]

1. Sanjak Mokha
2. Sanjak Eharish (or Abu Arish)
3. Sanjak Massawa

• Ottoman Yemen