Boreisha, Dmitry Petrovich

Born in St. Petersburg, in the family of Pyotr Bonifatievich (Vonifatievich) Boreishi (01/16/1790 - 03/03/1871) - current state adviser, official of the Ministry of Finance ^[4] , later - director of one of the departments of the Office of Railways and his wife Janetta-Amalia Karlovna Gakke (1809 -?) ^[3] . In a large family of P. B. Boreysh, marriage with the Dutch governess of older children, the Dutchwoman Jeanette Hacke, became his second and was concluded after the birth of their common children - Dmitry Boreysha and his three brothers.

Dmitry Boreysha spent his early years in the family estate Zhuravka in the Mstislavsky district of the Mogilev province , then, returning to St. Petersburg, he studied at the famous Fifth Gymnasium at Alarchin Bridge .

In 1857, Dmitry was enrolled as a high-scholarship student at the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy (IMHA) . He studied with V.N. von Reitz , a future famous physician, one of the first professors of pediatrics in Russia. As students, both of them, under the guidance of Professor E. Ya. Krasovsky, improved in the field of obstetrics and childhood diseases.

June 10, 1861 D.P. Boreisha graduated from the full course of the Academy and was released by a doctor with the appointment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) of Russia. At the same time, until 1865 he worked as an assistant to a private practitioner of the 4th Admiralty part of St. Petersburg. On May 12, 1865, the IMHA Conference on the exam awarded A.D. Boreishe the title of obstetrician. Following this, with the rank of titular adviser, he was appointed a doctor of the 1st obstetric department of the St. Petersburg city police ^[5] , as well as a supernumerary doctor of the Maternity Hospital at the Midwifery Institute ^[6] . In addition, in addition to the staff of D.P. Boreish, he served as a doctor in the Orphanage and the Holy Cross Community of Sisters of Mercy .

In his apartment on Bolshaya Sadovaya , house number 118, where Dmitry Petrovich lived with his wife and father, he also organized the reception of patients - residents of the Kolomna part of St. Petersburg. He did not refuse help to anyone, remaining available at any time of the day. Often, he did not take any fees from patients. The popularity of D.P. Boreishi quickly spread throughout Kolomna, where he was called the "Kolomna god" or the "Kolomna Botkin ." The number of patients received by Dmitry Petrovich was constantly growing, reaching 4 - 5 thousand per year.

At the initiative of Chief Police Officer Adjutant General F. F. Trepov and Staff Physicist of the Police Medical Directorate P.E. von Maidel, in 1869, ten maternity hospitals were opened in St. Petersburg. Dmitry Petrovich, already in the rank (from November 2, 1868), of a court adviser, was appointed head of one of them in the Kolomenskoye part of St. Petersburg ^[7] . It was located in the building of the police station, located at the very end of Yekaterinhof prospect , in house number 117. Having several beds for women in labor, the shelter turned out to be a prototype of the district maternity hospital. As in his apartment, D.P. Boreisha received sick children coming here. In December 1871, new responsibilities were added to the main responsibilities of D.P. Boreishi. He became a full member and supernumerary doctor in the Demidov House of Workers' Charity ^{[8] [9]} , and a year later - one of the founders of the St. Petersburg Medical Society ^[10] . Among other things, Dmitry Petrovich worked on his dissertation for the title of doctor of medicine. He did not have time to protect her, but his colleagues insisted that the words: “doctor of medicine” be carved on his headstone in an epitaph ^[11] .

The main business of D.P. Boreishi has always been medical work. Overwork, when he consulted daily up to 90 patients, led to a sad result. In 1866, Dmitry Petrovich fell ill with tuberculosis. But even then he did not allow himself to rest. Only two years later he allowed himself six months to receive treatment. In the last year of his life, after a banal bruise of his leg, D.P. Boreishi developed a purulent persecution. He had to amputate his leg, but this did not save his life. Dmitry Petrovich died on the eve of Christmas in 1874 . That year he turned 37 years old, of which only 13.5 were given to medicine ... and his whole life ...

The burial ceremony for the deceased D.P. Boreishe was performed in the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary the day after Christmas. "St. Petersburg Vedomosti" in those days wrote: "The coffin was carried by his patients in their arms, a procession of seeing off about 5000 people was formed . " It should be added that the path from Pokrovskaya Square , where the church was located, to the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery on Vasilyevsky Island, even with a ferry to the other side of the Neva on ice, was at least 4.5 kilometers, and the winter was frosty that year.

The historian, state adviser K.A. Ivanov, in an anniversary collection dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the Fifth St. Petersburg Gymnasium, noted:

“Boreisha was a supernumerary obstetrician of the St. Petersburg City Police. This is his official position. Unofficially - this was one of those benefactors who are found in our material Iron Age. He belonged to those doctors who not only refuse to pay poor people, but, like Dr. Pascal, so vividly and artistically portrayed in the eponymous novel by Emil Zola , leave at their headboard part of their own earnings received from other, wealthy people. ”

- ^{[12] [13]}

The head of the Medical and Surgical Academy Professor Ya. A. Chistovich, who was seeing off the last journey as a simple doctor, but truly a people's doctor, wrote a little later:

“... the deceased was not some kind of medical archon , nor was he a ubiquitous practitioner, but he had a kind compassionate heart, did not refuse to help any poor man”

The mayor of St. Petersburg , F.F. Trepov, on January 18, 1875 , that is, less than a month after the death of D.P. Boreishi, found the following words in a letter addressed to the Minister of Internal Affairs:

“The activity of this medical philanthropist, for 13 years devoted to the public benefit of the residents of St. Petersburg, mainly the Kolomenskoye part, is closely known for his selflessness, with which he, in the last years of his life, was sick, visited patients, and, moreover, treated the poorest inhabitants free of charge . Not receiving support at the service, he paid out of his humble condition on benefits for the poor. Heading the maternity shelter of the Kolomna part since 1869, with his care he brought it to an excellent condition in every respect. ”

• Wife: Anna Petrovna Boreisha - after the death of her husband, she worked in the female department of the House of Pretrial Detention;
  • Son: Konstantin Dmitrievich Boreisha (06/21/1873 - until 1917) - graduated from the Alexander Cadet Corps and the St. Petersburg Infantry School; participant in the Russo-Japanese and World War I (died at the front) ^[14] ;
• Brothers:
  • Konstantin Petrovich (12/27/1836 - 05/30/1859);

• Alexey Petrovich (1837 - 02.17.1891) - teacher;
• Isidor Petrovich (1841 - 12/23/1907) - lawyer, head of the chancellery of the St. Petersburg school district ^[15] ;

• Peter Isidorovich - member of the Russian Empire national football team;
• Natalia Isidorovna (married - Boreysha-Reitz) - psychiatrist, wife of the famous St. Petersburg psychiatrist Gustav Vladimirovich Reitz (1876-1948) - the son of one of the first Russian pediatric professors V.N. von Reitz ;

• Pavel Petrovich - police chief of the Winter Palace during the reign of Alexander III.

On the initiative of residents of the Kolomna part of St. Petersburg in 1875, with the Highest permission of Emperor Alexander II , fundraising began to establish a personal scholarship of D.P. Boreishi at the Fifth St. Petersburg Gymnasium:

“Sovereign Emperor, according to the most comprehensive report by the Minister of Internal Affairs submitted by the St. Petersburg Mayor of the petition of the inhabitants of the Kolomna part of St. Petersburg, to allow them to open a subscription for collecting donations, with publication of such in the newspapers, to establish a scholarship to the Fifth local gymnasium named deceased supernumerary obstetrician of the St. Petersburg Police, healer of the Court Advisor Boreysha, who for more than 10 years has been a true benefactor of the poor and has earned an expression of gratitude "On the 6th day of March of this year, I openly await respect and respect for the inhabitants of the aforementioned locality for the opening of a voluntary subscription between the inhabitants of the Kolomna part to collect donations for the establishment of a scholarship at the said gymnasium named after the doctor Dmitry Boreysha."

- ^{[12] [13]}

When the sum of 1300 rubles was collected and put into the account of the gymnasium, on February 14, 1877, a scholarship was established by the Highest Command. According to the regulations, the annual income from the indicated capital amounted to the money that was assigned to one of the poor students of the gymnasium.

St. Petersburg branch of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia

• Nazarov V. Yu. Kolomensky Botkin (Dmitry Petrovich Boreisha) .... - History of St. Petersburg. - SPb. , 2014 , No. 1 (70). - S. 101-106. ;
• Liverovskaya O. A. In his wake (memories) St. Petersburg. - SPb. : Renome, 2010 . - 199 p. ;
• Dmitry Petrovich Boreisha .