Nursing

Tokyo Nurse and Patient

Nursing is part of the healthcare system , including activities to improve public health, prevent disease, provide psychosocial care and care to people with physical and mental illnesses, as well as disabled people of all groups. The approach to nursing, the exact definition of its framework, the functions and forms of organization of nursing personnel vary in different regions, and depend on the characteristics of the national culture, the level of the health care system, demographic situation and other factors. At the same time, nursing as an important part of the healthcare system is universal.

Vocational training in the specialty "Nursing" is held in specialized secondary special educational institutions (medical schools, medical colleges) and in universities (undergraduate). Nurses and nurses constitute the largest category of health workers. They act as medical assistants in medical institutions, perform medical appointments and carry out the nursing process .

Widely known and often cited is the following definition given in the report of the WHO Expert Committee in Geneva (1996) ^[1] :

The unique vocation of a nurse is to provide an individual, sick or healthy, with assistance in everything that contributes to health or its recovery (or the onset of a painless death) and which a person could handle without assistance if he was strong enough , purposeful or informed, and do it in such a way as to help him regain his independence as soon as possible

One of the founders of nursing in the modern sense of the word, reforming the British healthcare system, Charity Sister Florence Nightingale wrote in her Care Notes that nursing is about using the environment around the patient to help him recover. Nightingale investigated the relationship between the patient’s health status and environmental factors and developed the concept of the environment as a component of nursing. She formulated the differences between medical activity and nursing, and noted that the latter needs practical and scientific training, different from medical training, requires special knowledge and skills, and needs a specific organization.

By definition of the International Council of Nurses , nursing is an individual and joint care for people of all ages, groups and communities, sick or healthy, and in any condition. Nursing includes the promotion and support of a healthy lifestyle, disease prevention and care for the sick, disabled and dying. Promoting a safe environment, research, participation in health policy-making and health systems management, and education are also key roles for nurses and nurses. ^[2]

Typical professional duties of a nurse and nurses are providing emergency medical care, assisting doctors in performing operations, caring for patients in hospitals and outpatients, performing medical procedures such as injections and measuring blood pressure, administering medications to patients, working with medical documents (prescriptions, certificates , referrals for examinations) Some specializations in nursing require additional highly specialized training.

In 1999, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the International Council of Nurses, the emblem of the Council, the White Heart, was officially adopted as the worldwide symbol of nurses.