Transplantation - in medicine, transplantation of an organ or tissue , for example, a kidney , heart , liver , lung , bone marrow , hematopoietic stem cells , hair [1] .
The organism from which organs or tissues are taken for transplantation is called a donor [1] .
An organism to which tissues or organs are transplanted is called a recipient [2] [1] .
The term “transplantation” is used to indicate the re-transplantation of a transplant (for example, with traumatic amputation).
Distinguish between experimental and clinical transplantation. Experimental transplantation is necessary as a preclinical stage in the development of all biological, surgical and organizational problems of transplantation of various organs or tissues . In the experiment, transplantation of almost all tissues and organs is carried out. Experimental transplantation is necessary for further study of the immune responses from the recipient after transplantation of donor organs and tissues . Experimental transplantation is also extremely important for the development of new drugs ( cyclosporine ) that contribute to the normal adaptation of transplanted genetically distinct organs and tissues .
The following types of transplantation are distinguished:
- autotransplantation , or autologous transplantation - the transplant recipient is his donor for himself. For example, skin autotransplantation from undamaged to burnt sites is widely used for severe burns. Autotransplantation of bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cells after high-dose antitumor chemotherapy is widely used in leukemia , lymphomas and chemosensitive malignant tumors .
- isotransplantation, or isogenic transplantation - the transplant donor is the identical identical recipient twin that is completely genetically and immunologically identical to the recipient.
- allotransplantation , or homotransplantation - the transplant donor is a genetically and immunologically different human body.
- xenotransplantation , or interspecific transplantation - organ transplantation from an animal of another species.
Content
See also
- Transplantology
- Bioethics
- Homograph
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 BDT, 2016 .
- ↑ Donor // Ozhegov Dictionary
Literature
- Demikhov V.P. Transplantation of vital organs in an experiment. M .: Medgiz , 1960 .-- 260 s.
- Organ and tissue transplantation in humans / J. M. Converse, F. R. Casson, G. Sh. Lawrence and others; Ed. F. Rapaport, J. Dosse ; Per. from English O. I. Vyazova and N. V. Makhlina; Ed. Acad. Yu. M. Lopukhin . - M.: Medicine , 1973.- 527 p.
- Transplantation // Television tower - Ulan Bator [Electronic resource]. - 2016 .-- S. 344-345. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 32). - ISBN 978-5-85270-369-9 .
- Khlusov I. A. Issues of cell technologies and bioengineering of tissues (review) . // Journal of the Siberian Federal University . Series "Biology". 2008. T. 1. No. 3. S. 269-294.