Borgarkirkja [1] ( ex. Borgarkirkja [ ˈ p ɔ r k a r ˌ c ɪ r c a ] ] - cliff church ) is a Lutheran church located in the historic village of Borg in the city of Borgarnes . It is on the list of protected buildings in the Vestyurland region [2] .
| Lutheran church | |
| Borgarkirkja | |
|---|---|
| Borgarkirkja | |
 | |
| A country |  Iceland |
| City | Borgarnes |
| Denomination | Church of Iceland |
| Type of building | Parish church |
| Architect | Yoryundur Thorsteinsson |
| First mention | 1003 year |
| Building | 1879 - 1880 years |
| condition | good |
Content
Church Location
Borgarkirkja is located on the lands of “Borg au Mirum” ( Isl. Borg á Mýrum - cliff in the swamps ), owned by the first settler Skatl-Grimur Kveld-Ulfsson ( Isl. Skalla-Grímur Kveld-Úlfsson ). On the deathbed, Kveld-Ulvyur bequeathed his son to settle as close as possible to the place where Kveld-Ulfsson was buried [3] [4] . The Book on the Settlement of Iceland ( Isl. Landnámabók ) states: "He (that is, Skatla Grimur) founded a settlement in the bay where the coffin of Queld-Ulvyur was lowered to the ground, and he named it Borg, and then he named the fjord Borgarfjord." The Borg is also mentioned in the Egils Saga ( Isl. Egils saga ), where more attention is paid to the life of Egil Skatlagrimsson ( Isl. Egill Skalla-Grímsson ) and his son Thorstein ( Isl. Þórsteinn Egilsson ) [3] [4] . There are indications of the Borg and the Gunnlaug saga (fig . Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu ) [5] .
In Borgarfjord ( Isl. Borgarfjörður ) there is a long and narrow rocky cape Borgarnes ( Isl. Borgarnes ), which was formerly called Digranes ( Isl. Digranes ). To the west of the cape is Borgarvogur Bay ( Isl. Borgarvogur ). At the base of the bay on a hilly shaft there is a farm [ specify ] and the church, and behind them - a massive rocky cliff. The cemetery is located somewhat east of the apartment building, and the church is on its western side, facing the main entrance to the bay. Initially, the church was located in the courtyard of the farm and was facing north with a facade. The old church building was badly damaged during the fire in 1950, and after that in 1951 it was moved to the old location of the farm [2] .
History
First mention
The Salmon Valley Saga ( Isl. Laxdæla saga ) says that Kjartan улаlafsson ( Isl. Kjartan Ólafsson ), the grandson of Skatl Grimur, was killed in 1003 and was buried in Borg in a church built by Torsteyn Egil [6] . The gravestone, which had long been considered delivered to Kjartan, turned out to be with a different name. Therefore, in 1839, a new tombstone was established. However, this epitaph was not preserved for long. [ specify ] , and therefore, in 1851, the Borgarkirkye was sent as a gift a new epitaph to Kjartan in place of the lost one [2] .
The first reliable mention of the church is found in 1200 in the register of churches of Bishop Paul Jónsson (Skálholtsbiskupsdæmi) [7] . The church was first described in 1354; according to it, the church was dedicated to the archangel Michael [8] .
The history of a modern building
The wooden church building was built in 1880. In the middle of the 20th century, the church was moved. Then it was slightly modified, but later the original appearance was partially restored [9] .
In Borg there was previously a turf church built in 1844-1846. Its walls and roof were made of turf, and the facade was made of wood, its area was about 35 m². In 1875, the turf church building was declared unsuitable due to obvious signs of destruction. The first description of the wooden building of Borgarkirkja indicated that it was erected "on the site of a rotten and collapsed church." The construction of a new wooden church was necessary so that the district pastor could conduct services in a more magnificent building, since the Borg from October 12, 1849 was formally considered the residence of the pastor [2] .
Halldor Bjarnason (1824–1902) (Halldór Bjarnason), who was also supposedly the designer of several other churches in the area, was considered the architect and chief builder of the church [10] . However, a detailed examination of the sketches of Borgarkirkja revealed that another possible designer of the church was Joryundur Torsteinsson (1822-1903) from Smidyuvetlir (Jörundur Þórsteinsson frá Smiðjuvöllum). Most likely he was the architect of the church; This is indicated by the note of Joryundur himself in the report on the newly constructed building on January 4, 1882. It is possible that Halldor had something to do with the church, but there is no mention of this in the report. A possible reason for this was that he did not receive payment for his work [2] .
Church Description
Exterior View
Borgarkirkja - a wooden church decorated with reiki on the outside. Church dimensions: 9.6 m in length and 6.3 m in width; the height of the walls is 3.2 m, the height of the tower is 6.3 m. The dimensions of the facade are 2.2 × 2.3 m. The church stands on a concrete foundation, the height of the part of the foundation visible above the ground is about 80 cm. Previously, the foundation was stone However, it was originally poorly executed and already in 1935 fell into disrepair. The walls of the church are decorated with wooden slats, as was the case in the original church of 1880, however, the original decoration was supplemented with corrugated iron, putty and aluminum coating, at the moment these elements have not been preserved. The roof of the church is covered with corrugated iron [2] .
The church is painted in the same colors in which it was a long time: white and red. Walls and windows are white; the door, roof and aperture frames are red, and the base is gray [2] . The description of the church in 1880 states that: "the church is painted inside and outside with yellow and blue oil paints." These are rather unusual colors for Icelandic churches; this is due to the fact that initially the roof was wooden and tarred. The colors were changed in 1911, when the roof was already metallic [2] .
Inside view
Inside the building is divided into the entrance to the church and the church itself. The walls are finished with white painted slats. The floor of the entire interior of the church is lined with wide varnished boards made of spruce. The ceiling is painted blue, it is also decorated with yellow stars [2] .
See also
- Hallgrimskirkja
- Kwanneyrarkirkja
- Church of Iceland
Notes
- ↑ Berkov V.P. Bedvarson A. Icelandic-Russian Dictionary. - Moscow: State Publishing House of Foreign and National Dictionaries, 1962. - 1032 p. Spelling Borgarkirkja - according to the rules of the phonetics of the Icelandic language
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Björk Ingimundardóttir, Sigríður Björk Jónsdóttir, Lílja Árnadóttir, Guðmundur L. Hafsteinsson, Gunnar Bollason. Borgarkirkja (Iceland) // Margrét Hallgrímsdóttir, Þorsteinn Gunnarsson, Karl Sigurbjörnsson Friðaðar kirkjur í Borgarfjarðarprófastsdæmi: Akrakirkja, Álftanskirkja kirkirja - Reykjavík: Þjóðminjasafn Íslands: Húsafriðunarnefnd: Biskupsstofa: Borgarfjarðarprófastsdæmi, 2009. - Bd. II . - P. 335. - ISBN 9789979662464 .
- ↑ 1 2 Íslendingabók Landnámabók. Íslenzk fornrit / Jakob Benediktsson. - Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka fornritafélag, 1986. - Vol. I. - P. 525.
- ↑ 1 2 Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar. Íslenzk fornrit / Sigurður Nordal. - Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1933. - Vol. II. - P. 319.
- ↑ Sturlunga saga / Jón Jóhannesson, Magnús Finnbogason, Kristján Eldjárn. - Reykjavík: Sturlunguútgáfan, 1946 .-- P. 502.
- ↑ Laxdæla saga. Íslenzk fornrit / Einar Ól. Sveinsson. - Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka fornritafélag, 1934. - Vol. V. - P. 318.
- ↑ Íslenzkt fornbréfasafn / Páll Eggert Ólason. - Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka bókmenntafélag, 1932. - Vol. XII. - P. 966.
- ↑ Íslenzkt fornbréfasafn / Jón Þorkelsson. - Kaupmannahöfn: Hið Íslenzka bókmenntafélag, 1896. - Vol. III. - P. 1034.
- ↑ Guðmundur L. Hafsteinsson. Skrá yfir friðuð hús og hús í vörslu safna: lög, reglugerðir og samþykktir: ágrip íslenskrar húsagerðarsögu 1750-1970 / Magnús Skúlason, Þorsteinn Gunnarsson. - Reykjavík: Húsafriðunarnefnd ríkisins, 2000 .-- P. 133.
- ↑ Ágúst Sigurðsson. Forn frægðarsetur - í ljósi liðinnar sögu. - Reykjavík: Bókamiðstöðin: Örn og Örlygur, 1976 .-- P. 270.
Literature
- Friðaðar kirkjur í Borgarfjarðarprófastsdæmi: Akrakirkja, Álftaneskirkja, Álftártungukirkja, Borgarkirkja, Hjarðarholtskirkja, Hvammskirkja, StafholtskirkjarnrÞrnssonrÞrssonrssonrssonrssonrssonrssonrssonrssonrssonrssonrssonrmrrrnrssonrÞrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrmrrrrrrrrrrrrrn and Kr Marg - Reykjavík: Þjóðminjasafn Íslands: Húsafriðunarnefnd: Biskupsstofa: Borgarfjarðarprófastsdæmi, 2009. - Vol. II. - P. 335. - (Kirkjur Íslands). - ISBN 9789979662464 .
Links
- Þórarinn Örn Andrésson & Andrés Ásgeir Andrésson. Borgarkirkja (1880) (Iceland) . kirkjukort.net. Date of appeal October 31, 2016.
- Friðlýst hús og mannvirki: Vesturland - Borgarkirkja (Iceland) . minjastofnun.is. Date of appeal October 31, 2016.