Egorov, Nikolai Maksimovich

Early years. Revolutionary Worker

Nikolai Egorov Maksimovich was born in 1871 in the settlement of the Serebryansky factory of the Kungursky district ( Perm province ) in the family of a craftsman. He graduated from elementary rural school ^{[1] [2]} .

Egorov began working at the Serebryansky plant ^{[1] as a} mining factory ^{[ 3]} , then he was a laborer in a steel shop at the Motovilikhinsky cannon factories in Perm (annual income - 360 rubles). Since 1903, he was a member of the Social Democratic circle, meeting in his own apartment. Later, in 1907, he himself became the leader of this circle of "workers of the highest type" ^{[1] [4]} . At the end of 1904, Nikolai Egorov joined the RSDLP . Since the summer of 1908, he was under the supervision of the royal " secret police ". On suspicion of belonging to the fighting squad of the party of socialists-revolutionaries, on the basis of the "Regulation" of August 14, 1881, he spent 4 months and 8 days in prison ^{[5] [6]} .

For his revolutionary activities, he was convicted and spent 4 months in prison ^[4] .

Member of the Third Duma

At the provincial election meeting on October 14, 1907, Yegorov was an elector from the working curia . He was elected to the Third State Duma of the Russian Empire from the total electors of the Perm Provincial Electoral Assembly ^[1] .

In the Duma, Nikolai Egorov joined the Social Democratic faction. He worked on two Duma commissions: on the working issue and financial ^[4] . He participated in the discussion of draft laws on issues of working legislation: with his participation, the so-called Ural agricultural bill “On the Allocation of Land to Ural Artisans and Rural Workers of State, Post-Owned, Private Own Mining Plants” was introduced, which gained popularity in the Urals . The signature of N. Egorov is under two bills: "On the abolition of the death penalty" and "Rules for admission to higher education institutions" ^[1] .

Deputy Yegorov spoke more than 80 times from the parliamentary tribune, mainly on the problems of labor legislation . His speeches were clearly anti-government: in particular, he emphasized that for his working policy “the central government should be in the dock”, and he called the Third State Duma “anti-worker”. In one of his speeches, Yegorov formulated the task of the Social Democrats in parliament ^[4] :

Nikolai Egorov has repeatedly stated the need for rallying workers to combat the " police regime " of the current government. Of all the Perm deputies of the State Duma, he was distinguished by the most scandalous parliamentary behavior: 56 times interrupted speakers with exclamations (often using " non-parliamentary expressions "); received 27 comments from the chairmen of the Duma meetings ^[4] .

In the 4th session ^[1], Yegorov also provoked a scandal at the evening meeting on March 2, 1911, when discussing the state of affairs in Russian educational institutions . After he called the speaker of the right, V. A. Obraztsov, “scoundrel,” “a fuss” appeared in the conference room and a skirmish began between individual deputies, which the Duma chairman was unable to stop. Two days later, on March 4, during a speech set aside to explain his behavior, Yegorov called the right-wing members of parliament " hired killers of students." According to the decision of the general meeting, on the basis of Article 38 of the State Duma Institutions of February 20, 1906 ^[1] , it was eliminated for five Duma meetings ^[4] .

As a deputy, Nikolai Maksimovich continued his extra-parliamentary party activities: he actively collaborated in the newspapers Zvezda, Pravda , Ural Life, and also in the magazines Mysl ^[1] and Enlightenment. According to the Police Department, in 1909, all illegal literature received from abroad was sent to the Ural factories ^[6] . Egorov traveled to the Urals several times and reported on the results of his trips at a meeting of the Social Democratic fraction ^[4] . He corresponded with the workers of the Ural factories, met with them in St. Petersburg , repeatedly spoke to the workers of the cities of Perm , Yekaterinburg , Chelyabinsk , Motovilikhinsky, Kaslinsky, Lysvensky, Kyshtymsky and other factories, propagated the revolutionary demands of the RSDLP , and also listened to complaints, requests and workers' statements, assisted them in resolving various issues, met with active members of the local committees of the RSDLP, spoke in the Urals press, and made a petition for cleaning the Kyshtym river ^[1] .

In July 1908, in connection with the visit of Deputy Egorov to Motovilikha , the Perm Governor declared the plant and the villages surrounding it “under emergency protection”. In the winter of 1910-1911, Egorov in Moscow participated in meetings with activists of legal workers' organizations ^[4] .

In 1910, in a secret note from the St. Petersburg Security Department, deputy N. M. Egorov was described as follows ^[6] :

The larger value of the workers is Egorov. This person is extremely energetic. During the holidays, he goes around the factories and plants of the Urals and studies the lives of workers, gives lectures and reports on the spot, and gets acquainted with the state of affairs in party organizations. During the session receives a lot of letters; organizes deputies to the State Duma and to ministers, often offers factions materials for inquiries. The faction enjoys great respect, despite the fact that the person is poorly educated. He speaks almost exclusively on a working issue. He is currently preparing a big speech on the bill on workers insurance. At meetings, the faction is more silent, writing down what seems to him suitable for a possible speech. He consults with knowledgeable persons, but does not record speeches, because he always speaks on topics of a practical nature, which he knows better than knowledgeable persons. Undoubtedly will be re-elected.

Journalist. Mezhrayonets. Supreme Economic Council

After the expiration of parliamentary powers, Nikolai Maksimovich visited Perm and Yekaterinburg, where he tried to achieve his re-nomination as an elector for the workers' curia, but was "explained" by the provincial authorities and deprived of the electoral qualification ^[4] . Collaborated in the newspaper "Perm Territory" ^[1] . In the fall of 1912 he returned to the capital ^[4] .

In St. Petersburg, Egorov took up journalistic activities: he collaborated in the newspaper Luch (a permanent employee since 1913 ^[1] ) and was the publisher of Novaya Rabochaya Gazeta. In November 1913, he became one of the initiators of the creation of the " Inter- district organization of the United Social Democrats " (inter-district), advocating the restoration of a unified RSDLP ^[4] .

Already after the February Revolution - in the summer of 1917 - at the Sixth Congress of the RSDLP (b) , the Mezhrayons , led by L.D. Trotsky , became part of the Bolshevik Party . At the end of 1917 - at the beginning of 1918 Egorov worked in the apparatus of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNH) - was a member of the board of the Urals Section at the metallurgical department of the Supreme Economic Council ^[4] .

In the future, Nikolai Maksimovich Egorov was engaged in administrative and economic activities, including the head of the Hermes Hotel in Leningrad ^[4] . Since August 24, 1926 - member of the RCP (b) ^[1] . After 1926, his fate was not traced ^{[1] [2] [4]} .

• Articles “The situation of the Ural industry and the law of December 3, 1862”, “On the situation of industry and workers of the Urals”, “The reform of 1861 and the current situation of the mining population”, “The Urals case in the State Duma”, “Ural issues in the 3rd State Duma”, “Irresponsible deputies”, “Who politically educates the country” and others ^[1] .

He was married (in 1907) ^[1] .

• RGIA. F. 1278, op. 9, d. 260
• State Archive of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the GARF). F. 102, 4th clerical work, op. 117, 1908, d.146.
• Members of the State Duma (portraits and biographies). The third convocation. 1907-1912 / Comp. M.M. Boyovich. M., 1909. - S. 229.
• Shumilov E. N. State, political, public figures of the Perm province (1905-1919). - Perm, 2005 .-- S. 25.
• 3rd convocation of the State Duma: portraits, biographies, autographs. - St. Petersburg: edition of N. N. Olshanskago, 1910. - S. 116.
• Zaychikov G.I. Duma tactics of the Bolsheviks 1905-1917. - M., 1975 .-- S. 126.
• Anokhina Z. N. The working question in the III State Duma (regional aspect) // Problems of Russian History. - Magnitogorsk, 2002. - S. 147-159.