Bernardians in Belarus

In 1415, Franciscan preacher Bernardin of Siena asked Pope Martin V to confirm the original charter, approved by Francis of Assisi . The Council of Constance of 1415 granted this request. In 1431, under Pope Eugene IV, Franciscan observants received the right to introduce the position of vicar general, which was occupied by Bernardin of Siena. In 1467, the Polish Vicariate was created.

In Vilna, the Bernardines arrived with Vicar of the Polish province Marian Eziorkowski at the invitation of Casimir IV , who built for them on the river Vileika , near the royal mill, a large wooden monastery with a church in honor of St. Francis and Bernard, which is confirmed by a deed of September 30, 1469.

The final rupture of the Bernardine, that is, the Franciscan observants, with the Franciscan conventuals occurred in 1517 under Pope Leo IX. In the same year, the Polish province was formed. In 1530, the Lithuanian province was separated from the Polish province (in 1570 it was again merged with the Polish). In 1628, the Polish province was divided into Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Russian and Lithuanian. In 1630, the Lesser Poland, Russian and Lithuanian provinces were merged into the Polish (Lesser Poland-Lithuania) province. Of the latter in 1637, Russian stood out, and in 1731 - Lithuanian.

In the territory of the Commonwealth (modern Belarus, Lithuania, part of Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, Moldova, Slovakia, Russia) the name “Bernardine” (on behalf of Bernard of Siena) was widely used by monks. Bernardine wore a dark gray hooded cassock with a white wool belt. Bernardines arrived from Poland on the territory of modern Belarus. The main goals of the Bernardine were missionary work among the Orthodox population and pastoral activity.

Bernadine nuns initially settled at the male monasteries of the order and did not accept the obligation to reside permanently at the monastery (clevage). In 1566, Pope Pius V obliged them to accept a clause and three monastic obligations.

1. Benitsa (1701 was founded by the Trosk cottage-house Michael Casimir Cocell , Trinity Church 1701-1704);
2. Berezino (1737 Lithuanian coronets by Vladislav Pats);
3. Brest-Litovsky (1659 built by Galim);
4. Budslau (1504 was founded by the Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellonchik , Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1767-1783);
5. Grodno (1494 was founded by the Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellonchik , a residential building 1595-1618, the Church of the Finding of the Holy Cross was founded in 1595 by Sigismund III and built in 1602-1618, the entrance arch of the XVIII century);
6. Vitebsk (1676 founded by the Vitebsk governor Jan Anthony Khrapovitsky together with the church of St. Anthony of Padua);
7. Volozhin (1681 by the Lithuanian court marshal Jozef Boguslav Slushka , theological school - 1681);
8. Glusk (1662 Warden of the Volkovysk Alexander Polubinsky );
9. Druja (1643 was built by Lithuanian Chancellor Casimir Leo Sapieha , Troitsky church 1643-1646, residential building 1643-1643);
10. Dubrovno (1630 Vilnius cottage -house Nikolai Glebovich , residential building 1809);
11. Ivye (1631 by the Mstislavl governor Nikolai Kishka from Ciechanowiec, the church of St. Peter and Paul 1494-1495, residential building - settlement of the 17th century);
12. Lukoml (Ivan Lukomsky);
13. Mogilev (1687 founded by Fedor Rzhevsky);
14. Mazyr (1645 founded by Colonel Stefan Lozko);
15. Minsk (1624 Krasnoselsky village headman Andrei Konsovsky, St. Joseph's Church around 1644-1652, residential building around 1644-1652);
16. Mikulino (1720 founded by the Vitebsk cottage-house Marian Oginsky);
17. Mstislavl (1727 for the awards of the coronet of Vitebsk Ivan Gurko, Church of the Nativity of the Virgin - 1727);
18. Nesvizh (1594 was founded by Prince Nicholas Christopher Radziwill Sirotka , residential building 1594-1598);
19. Orsha (1653 by Kholmsky headman Andrei Mlotsky, residential building after 1653);
20. Pinsk (1717 by the great Lithuanian hetman Mikhail Servatsiy, Prince Vishnevetsky , St. Barbara's Cathedral 1786-1787, residential building 1828-1830, bell tower, 19th century);
21. Polotsk (1498 by the Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellonchik , the Church of the Virgin Mary was built in 1758 together with the residential building of the monastery);
22. Selische (1726 by the Polotsk governor Josaphat Selyava, church of St. Veronica - from 1728);
23. Slonim (1630 by Andrei and Catherine Radwan, Trinity Cathedral 1639-1645, residential building - 1749);
24. Slutsk (1661 founded by Prince Bohuslav Radziwill , residential building - 1793);
25. Yurovichi (in 1817 the Jesuit College was transferred to the Order of Bernardine).

At the monasteries, schools, libraries, and sometimes pharmacies functioned. There was a music school at the Budslavsky monastery .

1. Brest (1624-1831, to the awards of Helena Koptseva from the Dulsky clan);
2. Grodno (circa 1618-1853, to the awards of the емemaiti headman Jerome Volovich );
3. Minsk (1630-1866, to the awards of Alexander Slushka );
4. Slonim (1645-1907, to the awards of Constance Yuditskaya-Salotytskaya).

• Zakony męskie w Polsce w 1772 roku. Lublin. 1972 (Materiały do ​​Atlasu historycznego chrześcijaństwa w Polsce. T. 1);
• Kantak K. Bernardyni polscy. T. 1-2. Lwów, 1993;
• Belarusian encyclopedia: At 18 vol. T.3: Belarus - Varanets / Redkal: G.P. Pashkoў іnsh - Mn .: BelEn, 1996. - T. 3. - 511 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 985-11-0068-4 (t. 3).