Echinopsis ( lat. Echinópsis ) - a genus of plants of the family Cactus . The name comes from Greek. έχίνος (echinus) - hedgehog and όψις (opsis) - similar, as an adult plant resembles a hedgehog curled into a ball with numerous thorns. This name was proposed by Karl Linney in 1737 .
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A number of well-known cactus genera, previously considered independent (for example, Acantholobivia , Chamaecereus , Lobivia ), are now included in the genus Echinopsis.
Description
At a young age, echinopsis have a spherical shape, somewhat elongated or columnar over the years. The stem is symmetrical, with sharp ribs, smooth, shiny, from light green to dark green. The root system is quite powerful, shallowly located in the horizontal direction. Areoles are located at the same distance from each other and bear stiff, depending on the type, or very short, or reaching several centimeters of spines.
Flowers appear laterally from the areoles in the middle part of the stem. They are funnel-shaped, up to 15 cm in diameter, up to 30 cm long, with a pubescent flower tube. The color of the corollas is from white to pink-purple. The number of flowers varies, depending on the condition and age of the plant. Older specimens can produce more than 25 flowers at a time. Flowering is short, 1-3 days, depending on air temperature. Fruits are ovoid. Seeds are black, smooth, shiny, up to 0.2 cm in diameter.
Distribution
Representatives of the genus Echinopsis are distributed from northern Bolivia to southern Argentina , are found in Uruguay and southern Brazil . They grow in the valleys and foothills of the Andes .
Breeding History
Representatives of the genus Echinopsis are the most common cacti in indoor floriculture. In Europe, they have been grown since about 1700 . In culture since 1837 . Many hybrids of various colors are bred. Hybrid forms of echinopsis, mainly var. eyriesii , along with zigocactus , are the most common indoor plants from the cactus family, at least in the CIS countries .
Systematics
The first description of the genus was made in 1837 by Joseph Gerhard Zuccharini .
Synonymy
A botanical illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 1870
According to the results of studies conducted by Friedrich Gaimo in 1974 , as well as Friedrich and Wolfgang Glezl in 1983, previously independent species were included in the genus Echinopsis:
- Acantholobivia Backeb. (previously included in the genus Acantholobivia )
- Acanthopetalus Y.Itô
- Andenea Fric (nom. Inval.)
- Aureilobivia Fric (nom. Inval.)
- Chamaecereus britton & rose
- Chamaelobivia Y.Itô (nom. Inval.)
- Cinnabarinea Fric ex F.Ritter
- Echinolobivia Y.Itô (nom. Inval.)
- Echinonyctanthus Lem.
- Furiolobivia Y.Itô (nom. Inval.)
- Helianthocereus Backeb.
- Heterolobivia Y.Itô (nom. Inval.)
- Hymenorebulobivia Fric (nom. Inval.)
- Hymenorebutia Fric ex Buining
- Leucostele Backeb.
- Lobirebutia Fric (nom. Inval.)
- Lobivia britton & rose
- Lobiviopsis Fric (nom. Inval.)
- Megalobivia Y.Itô (nom. Inval.)
- Mesechinopsis Y.Itô
- Neolobivia Y.Itô
- Pilopsis Y.Itô (nom. Inval.)
- Pseudolobivia (Backeb.) Backeb.
- Rebulobivia Fric (nom. Inval.)
- Salpingolobivia Y.Itô
- Scoparebutia Fric & Kreuz. ex buining
- Setiechinopsis (Backeb.) De Haas
- Soehrensia Backeb.
- Trichocereus (A. Berger) Riccob.
Views
According to the database of The Plant List , the genus includes 131 species [2] :
- Echinopsis adolfofriedrichii G. Moser
- Echinopsis ancistrophora Speg.
- Echinopsis angelesiae ( R. Kiesling ) GDRowley
- Echinopsis antezanae ( Cárdenas ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis arachnacantha ( Buining & Ritter ) Friedrich
- Echinopsis arboricola ( Kimnach ) Mottram
- Echinopsis arebaloi cárdenas
- Echinopsis atacamensis ( Phil. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose - Golden Echinopsis
- Echinopsis backebergii Werderm. - Echinopsis Bakeberg
- Echinopsis baldiana Speg.
- Echinopsis bertramiana ( Backeb. ) Friedrich & GD Rowley
- Echinopsis bolligeriana Mächler & Helmut Walter
- Echinopsis bonnieae ( Halda , Hogan & Janeba ) Halda & Malina
- Echinopsis boyuibensis F. Ritter
- Echinopsis breviflora ( Backeb. ) M. Lowry
- Echinopsis bridgesii salm-dyck
- Echinopsis × cabrerae ( R. Kiesling ) GDRowley
- Echinopsis caineana ( Cárdenas ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis cajasensis F. Ritter
- Echinopsis calliantholilacina Cárdenas
- Echinopsis callichroma cárdenas
- Echinopsis calochlora K.Schum.
- Echinopsis camarguensis ( Cárdenas ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis candicans ( Gillies ex Salm-Dyck ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis catamarcensis ( Speg. ) FACWeber
- Echinopsis caulescens ( F. Ritter ) M. Lowry
- Echinopsis cephalomacrostibas ( Werderm. & Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis chalaensis ( Rauh & Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis chamaecereus H. Friedrich & Glaetzle
- Echinopsis chiloensis ( Colla ) Friedrich & GDRowley - Echinopsis chilean
- Echinopsis chrysantha werderm.
- Echinopsis chrysochete Werderm.
- Echinopsis cinnabarina ( Hook. ) Labor. - Echinopsis Cinnabar Red
- Echinopsis clavata ( F.Ritter ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis cochabambensis Backeb.
- Echinopsis comarapana Cárdenas
- Echinopsis conaconensis ( Cárdenas ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis coquimbana ( Molina ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis coronata cárdenas
- Echinopsis cotacajesii cárdenas
- Echinopsis crassicaulis ( R. Kiesling ) H. Friedrich & Glaetzle
- Echinopsis cuzcoensis ( Britton & Rose ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis densispina Werderm.
- Echinopsis derenbergii Frič
- Echinopsis deserticola ( Werderm. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis escayachensis ( Cárdenas ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis eyriesii ( Turpin ) Pfeiff. & Otto - Echinopsis Erie
- Echinopsis fabrisii ( R. Kiesling ) GDRowley
- Echinopsis famatimensis ( Speg. ) Werderm.
- Echinopsis ferox ( Britton & Rose ) Backeb.
- Echinopsis formosa ( Pfeiff. ) Jacobi ex Salm-Dyck
- Echinopsis fraciliflora cárdenas
- Echinopsis friedrichii GDRowley
- Echinopsis glauca ( F. Ritter ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis haematantha ( Speg. ) DRHunt - Echinopsis hemiflora
- Echinopsis hahniana ( Backeb. ) RSWallace
- Echinopsis hammerschmidii cárdenas
- Echinopsis hertrichiana ( Backeb. ) DRHunt - Echinopsis Gertrich
- Echinopsis huascha ( Web. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis huotii ( Cels. ) Labor.
- Echinopsis hystrichoides F. Ritter
- Echinopsis ibicuatensis cárdenas
- Echinopsis kladiwaiana rausch
- Echinopsis klingleriana cárdenas
- Echinopsis knuthiana ( Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis lageniformis ( CFFörst. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis lamprochlora ( Lem. ) H. Friedrich & Glaetzle
- Echinopsis lateritia gürke
- Echinopsis leucantha ( Gillies ex Salm-Dyck ) Walp.
- Echinopsis macrogona ( Salm-Dyck ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis mamillosa gürke
- Echinopsis marsoneri Werderm.
- Echinopsis mataranensis cárdenas
- Echinopsis maximiliana Heyder ex A. Dietr. - Echinopsis Maximilian
- Echinopsis meyeri heese
- Echinopsis mieckleyi R. Mey.
- Echinopsis minuana Speg.
- Echinopsis mirabilis Speg.
- Echinopsis molesta Speg.
- Echinopsis nigra Backeb.
- Echinopsis obrepanda ( Salm-Dyck ) K.Schum.
- Echinopsis oligotricha ( Cárdenas ) M. Lowry
- Echinopsis oxygona ( Link ) Zucc. ex Pfeiff. & Otto - Echinopsis spisy
- Echinopsis pachanoi ( Britton & Rose ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis pampana ( Britton & Rose ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis pamparuizii cárdenas
- Echinopsis pentlandii ( Hook. ) Salm-Dyck ex A. Dietr. - Echinopsis Pentland
- Echinopsis peruviana ( Britton & Rose ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis pseudomamillosa cárdenas
- Echinopsis pugionacantha Rose & Boed.
- Echinopsis quadratiumbonata ( F. Ritter ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis rhodotricha K. Schum.
- Echinopsis riviere-de-caraltii Cárdenas
- Echinopsis saltensis Speg.
- Echinopsis sanguiniflora ( Backeb. ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis santaensis ( Rauh & Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis schickendantzii facweber
- Echinopsis schieliana ( Backeb. ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis schoenii ( Rauh & Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis scopulicola ( F. Ritter ) Mottram
- Echinopsis semidenudata cárdenas
- Echinopsis serpentina M. Lowry & M. Mend .
- Echinopsis silvestrii Speg.
- Echinopsis smrziana Backeb.
- Echinopsis spachiana ( Lem. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis spinibarbis ( Otto ) AEHoffm.
- Echinopsis stilowiana ( Backeb. ) JGLamb.
- Echinopsis strigosa ( Salm-Dyck ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis subdenudata cárdenas
- Echinopsis sucrensis cárdenas
- Echinopsis tacaquirensis ( Vaupel ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis taratensis ( Cárdenas ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis tarijensis ( Vaupel ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis tarmaensis ( Rauh & Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis tegeleriana ( Backeb. ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis terscheckii ( Parm. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis thelegona ( Web. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis thelegonoides ( Speg. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis thionantha ( Speg. ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis tiegeliana ( Wessner ) DRHunt
- Echinopsis trichosa ( Cárdenas ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis tubiflora ( Pfeiff. ) Zucc. ex A.Dietr. - Echinopsis tubular
- Echinopsis tulhuayacensis ( Ochoa ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis tunariensis ( Cárdenas ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis uyupampensis ( Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis vasquezii ( Rausch ) GDRowley
- Echinopsis volliana ( Backeb. ) Friedrich & GDRowley
- Echinopsis walteri ( R. Kiesling ) H. Friedrich & Glaetzle
- Echinopsis werdermannii Fric ex Fleisch.
- Echinopsis yuquina DRHunt
The status of the species Echinopsis Schreiter ( Echinopsis schreiteri ( Castellanos ) Werderm. ) Has been reduced to a subspecies of the species Echinopsis saltensis Speg.
See also
- Acantholobia
Literature
- Mokhov E.R. Cacti. - SPb .: LLC “Crystal Publishing House”, 2003. - S. 1387—138 ISBN 0-7548-0028-8
- Edward F. Anderson: Das große Kakteen-Lexikon. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005 (übersetzt von Urs Eggli), ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , S. 215-284.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Echinopsis . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). Date of treatment August 7, 2016.