The jumper is a structural element used to overlap door and window openings in the wall and absorbing the load from the upstream structure. It is made of reinforced concrete, metal, wood or brick. It can be decoratively decorated with sandric .
Content
Jumper Assignment
Reinforced concrete lintels are widely used in construction works:
• for covering window and doorways in block-type buildings;
• to distribute the vertical load from the wall section and the floor panel in the bearing walls above the part of the opening.
Due to the jumpers, a support is created on the edges of the window or doorway. Reinforced concrete products are used in buildings made of brick, natural or artificial stone, concrete, foam concrete.
Jumper Types
The main separation of reinforced concrete lintels is carried out by bearing and non-bearing abilities:
• the bearing type of the product is able to withstand the load from the above-located floors, as well as the mass of masonry over the opening;
• non-bearing type of product carries a load solely of its weight and masonry sections, which is located above the opening.
Reinforced concrete lintels are made of various types:
1. Bar view (PB) - the most used products in the construction industry. Products are used in bearing (under a load of 2000, 2700, 3700, 5200 kN / m) and non-bearing (under a load of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 800 kN / m) structures. The products are used in brick buildings, ceramic stone buildings, small-block structures. For the manufacture of a bar-like type of lintels, heavy concrete (density at least 2000 kg / m3) of class B15 is used. The load power is from 100 to 3700 kgf / m.
2. Beam view (GH) is a L-shaped product, complemented by a special protrusion. Thanks to the protrusion, the product reliably rests on the base. The load-bearing properties of the species are based on the combination of the action of plates and beams. Known one-sided and two-sided type of product. Products are made of heavy concrete (not lower than M150) and reinforcing mesh, so loads from 800 kg / cm to 2600 kg / cm can be placed on it.
3. Tiled view (PP) is used to form a strong arch above window and door openings. This type of product is a combination of several beam crosspieces. Products are interconnected using reinforcing loops.
4. Facade view (PF) is intended for use in openings with quarters. Products are mounted in such a way that part goes beyond the outer part of the structure.
5. The crossbar - a jumper having large parameters. The product is specially supplemented with a shelf, which is used to support the entire structure.
6. The pencil refers to the non-bearing appearance of the product. The jumper is thin, designed for doorway devices.
The systematization of reinforced concrete lintels begins with an alphabetic designation of the form: PB - jumper bar, PP - jumper tile, PB - jumper beam.
Further, the numbers indicate the size of the cross section, the length of the product in decimeters, then the design load, which is permissible in a particular type of product [1] .
History
When using windows and doors in buildings made of bricks or stones, people noticed that the wall located above the opening of the window or door sags, and in some cases collapses. For this, a simple design of a wooden beam began to be used, in order to avoid subsidence.
Gallery
Notes
- ↑ About reinforced concrete lintels and their types - “AktiVEN” (Russian) , “AktiVEN” (January 28, 2016). Date of appeal April 24, 2018.