Lev Emmanuilovich Gurevich ( June 14, 1904 - June 28, 1990 ) - Soviet theoretical physicist and astrophysicist , founder of the Soviet school of physical kinetics . The author of the first book in world literature in which physical kinetics was presented as a separate section of theoretical physics . Professor (1946).
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Contribution to science
- 2.1 Books
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
Biography
Lev Emanuilovich Gurevich was born on June 14, 1904 in Paris in the family of a professional revolutionary and journalist E. L. Gurevich (1866-1952). He graduated from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute with a diploma in electrical engineering.
Since 1926, as a student - a paradox characteristic of that time - Lev Emmanuilovich began teaching at the Mining Institute [1] . He taught at the Faculty of Physics of Leningrad State University . During the war from 1942 to 1944 he was evacuated from the besieged Leningrad along with the university in Saratov.
In the 60s, Lev Emmanuilovich Gurevich created a fairly active cosmological school in the Physics and Technology Institute , a striking achievement of which was the theory of the primary vacuum state of the Universe [2] .
Contribution to Science
In the field of solid state physics, the most famous cycle of his works is devoted to the effect of electron drag by phonons (1945). He first pointed out that a whole series of kinetic effects in metals and semiconductors are largely determined by the “phonon wind,” that is, the fact that the phonon system is in an unbalanced state. Subsequently, he showed that the phonon imbalance of the second type (“phonon heating”) plays an important role in the problem of “hot” electrons in semiconductors.
A large series of works by Lev Emanuelovich is devoted to a comprehensive study of waves and instabilities in solids. He discovered new types of waves in semiconductors and metals that can exist and form under nonequilibrium conditions. One of the most striking phenomena is thermomagnetic waves that occur in conductors in the presence of a temperature gradient.
In a series of works of 1945-1950, partially carried out jointly with A. G. Lebedinsky , he put forward a number of new physical ideas, thanks to which he was able to develop and specify the theory of the early stages of the formation of the solar system during the process of gravitational condensation [2] .
He proved the possibility of repeated thermonuclear explosions in thin stellar shells (1947-1954). He developed the theory of primary cosmological vacuum (1975).
Books
- Fundamentals of physical kinetics - L., M.: State Publishing House of technical and theoretical literature, 1940. - 242 p.
- The General Theory of Relativity after Einstein - M .: Knowledge, 1972.— 64 p. (Together with Erast Borisovich Gliner).
- Introduction to cosmogony . - M .: Nauka, 1978.- 383 p. (Together with A. D. Chernin)
- The origin of galaxies and stars . - M .: Nauka, 1983 .-- 190 s. (Together with A. D. Chernin)
See also
- Cosmology
Notes
- ↑ PAM'YATI LEV EMANUULOVICH GUREVICH . Date of treatment February 20, 2011. Archived July 16, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Singularities . Date of treatment February 19, 2011. Archived July 16, 2013.