Hematology

Hematology (from other Greek. Αἷμα, αἷματος - blood + λόγος ) is a branch of medicine that studies blood , blood -forming organs, and blood diseases. Hematology studies the etiology , diagnosis, treatment, prediction and prevention of diseases of the blood system that affect the production of blood and its components, namely blood cells, hemoglobin , blood proteins, and the coagulation mechanism ( blood coagulation ). Scientific research in this area is often conducted by biomedicine specialists. Hematologists are also engaged in research in oncology - the treatment of cancer.

Hematologists are doctors specializing in hematology. Their main task is to treat patients with hematological diseases, work in hematological laboratories with blood and bone marrow samples, and interpret the results of various hematological tests . In some institutions, hematologists also run hematology laboratories. In practice, at the main poles of the differential. Diagnostics Hematology is often associated with surgical disciplines than with therapeutic ones. Topographically: with phlebology and angiology (vasculitis, DIC, secondary thrombosis in case of thrombocytopenia), with traumatology - orthopedics (acute radiation injury, hemaarthrosis in case of von Willebrand disease, and hemophilia, compression fractures of the spine in case of multiple myeloma of porphyria, burns ), suppurative septic surgery (in secondary immunodeficiencies hematogenous complications, such as myeloid leukemia, or agranulocytosis), heart surgery (heart tamponade with hematological malignancies ), thoracic surgery and tserebrova acous- neurosurgery .

Hematology also works closely with oncology (hemablastoses, hematosarcomas), radiology , immunology , toxicology (toxic agranulocytic reactions, side effects of drugs, acquired hemophilia and coagulopathy)), infectology (toxic aleukia, mononucleosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome), rheumatology , rheumatology , transfusiology , with occupational pathology , with biophysics ; indirectly and partially with: nephrology , hepatology , and even ecology

Like rheumatological, hematological diseases are systemic, which often creates great difficulties in differential diagnosis with diseases from other branches of medicine, without special hematological studies, such as bone marrow puncture , or an extended blood count with the calculation of blood cells. At the same time, immunodeficiency in hematology, among immunodeficiencies of a different etiology, proceeds most severely and quite often ends in the death of the patient without immediate hospitalization in a specialized hematological hospital.

Hematologists may specialize further or have interests in the following areas:

• In the treatment of bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• In the treatment of hematological malignant tumors - hematosarcomas and hemablastoses : lymphoma , leukemia , multiple myeloma , myeloid leukemia , myelodysplastic syndrome
• In the treatment of hemoglobinopathy and hereditary hemorrhagic diathesis , hemophilia
• In the science of blood transfusion and the work of blood banks
• In the study of bone marrow and stem cell transplantation
• In studying the effects on the bone marrow and blood system of adverse environmental factors, such as ionizing ( radiation sickness ), and non-ionizing radiation ( Porphyria , Polycythemia - UV radiation, cryoglobunemia , sideroblastic anemia , lead anemia , erythremia )
• In the study of the influence of harmful occupational, toxic and medicinal factors on the bone marrow and blood system: intoxication with benzene, arsenic, levomecithin, tetracycline, quinine, levamisole, cyclophosphamide and other hematoxic poisons and drugs, and their connection with the development of diseases in the form of: hapten agranulocytosis , aplastic , hemolytic , hypoplastic anemia , hemochromatosis , the development of hemablastoses and various distant genetic defects at the DNA level.
• The study of factors of humoral immunity and antigenic properties of blood, which immunohematology deals with.