Murmansk population

Until the 1930s, the population of Murmansk was small: 1.3 thousand people lived in the city in 1917, 2.5 thousand lived in 1920, and 9 thousand in 1926 ^[41] . The rapid growth in the number of inhabitants began in the late 1920s and was associated with the development of the Murmansk seaport, the creation and maintenance of the Soviet Northern Fleet , the construction of a number of civilian and military facilities in the territory of the Murmansk region. During their construction, the labor of prisoners from a number of Gulag ITLs was actively used, in which up to 8 thousand people were held at a time ^[42] . By 1939, the population of Murmansk was 119 thousand people.

During the Great Patriotic War, the population of the city increased significantly, since by 1942 Murmansk remained one of several ports through which foreign trade of the USSR and the supply of military equipment under Lend-Lease were carried out. In the 40-50s of the XX century, the city continued to rapidly increase its population, and it doubled in these two decades. In the future, an increase in the number of inhabitants by an average of 8 thousand people per year occurred both due to the continuing influx of migrants from other regions of the country, and due to natural growth (the population of the Murmansk region was very young for a long time) ^[43] . Employment was ensured by the development of the service sector in Murmansk.

A massive outflow of the population from the city occurred already at the very beginning of the 1990s, from 1989 to 1992, 28 thousand people left Murmansk ^[44] . The main reasons for the population’s departure were the sharp deterioration of the economic situation in the city, as well as the great social mobility of the relatively young population of Murmansk. By 2002, the number of city residents was reduced by 150 thousand compared with 1989, that is, by almost a third. A comparable decrease among cities with a population of more than 100 thousand inhabitants was only in Grozny , destroyed by the war, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky , Leninsk-Kuznetsk , Magadan and Vorkuta ^[45] . According to the current population, since the census, the number of Murmansk residents has decreased by more than 20 thousand people. The reliability of these data is doubtful, since in 2002 the census population was lower than the current count by 30 thousand people ^[44] .

The outflow of young people led to a sharp deterioration in the demographic situation. If in 1990 the natural increase per 1000 inhabitants was 4.5 (birth rate 10.5; mortality 6), then in 2005 the natural increase became negative and amounted to 0.5% per year. The sharp increase in mortality is due to the fact that numerous generations of Murmansk residents who moved to the city in the 1950s and 1970s are now in advanced age ^[43] .

Number of births and deaths (absolute figures) ^{[46] [47]}

Fertility, mortality, natural increase per 1000 people. ^[47]

The age and sex composition of the urban district on 01/01/2016 ^[48]

The administrative districts of Murmansk are not municipalities .