Walloon Flanders ( Flandre wallonne ), also known as Gallican (t) Flanders ( Flandre gallican (t) e ) is a region in the south of the county of Flanders , corresponding to the lands and chambers of three privileged cities - Lille , Douai and Orsha . The population of the region spoke Walloon and Picardy dialects.
History
The term "Walloon Flanders" appeared after the French conquest and entrenched in literature by the beginning of the XIX century. In the Middle Ages, the region was designated by the expression “the cities and chambers of Lille, Douai and Orsha” ( villes et châtellenies de Lille, Douai et Orchies ).
The region was first annexed to France by Philip IV the Beautiful in 1297, during the Franco-Flemish War. After a series of administrative experiments with this king and his successors, in 1326 Charles IV grouped the balsai of Lille, Douai and Orsha into one governorship of the high bum, which also included Mortan and Tournezi ( La Gouvernance du Souverain Bailliage de Lille, Douai, Orchies, Mortagne et Tournaisis ).
In 1369, after the marriage of Philip II the Bold to the heiress of Flanders, Margarita de Mal, Karl V returned Lille, Douai and Orsha to Flanders, retaining the French crown overlord over this area.
The value of the provincial governors gradually declined since the reign of Philip VI , as their deputies, who established ties with local feudal lords, achieved considerable autonomy and took on the titles of Lille or Douet bali, claiming equality with supreme bali. In the Burgundian period, the governors retained mostly military functions, and their deputies, who ruled in Lille and Douai, maintained a nominal relationship with them. The cities of the cities achieved from the Burgundian dukes and their Habsburg successors considerable privileges, confirmed by the concordat with Lille in 1522, and with Due, in 1549.
Under the terms of the Madrid Treaty of 1526, France yielded suzerainty over the region to an Austrian home. During the period of the Franco-Habsburg wars, Walloon Flanders, bordering on Picardy , Artois and Hainaut , was of paramount military importance, and its governors, as in the case of the larger Dutch provinces, were appointed by experienced commanders and gentlemen of the Order of the Golden Fleece . The upper instance for all cases considered in the billets of Lille, Douai and Orsha was the Provincial Council of Flanders in Ghent .
Walloon Flanders was conquered by Louis XIV during the Devolutionary War . Lille capitulated on August 27, 1667, and according to the terms of the Aachen Treaty on May 8, 1668, the region joined France. Together with the Flanders Maritime Flanders (Westhoek), captured during the Dutch War , Flanders in Walloon (“Lille-Douay-Orsha”) formed the so-called French Flanders , which became part of the old-regime province of Flanders and Hainault , liquidated in 1790.
Balzhy Lille, Douai and Orsha were under the jurisdiction of the Tournaisse Parliament, until the return of the city of Tournai under the power of the Habsburgs in 1713. The provincial states of Flanders in Walloon Flanders, which met in Lille, consisted of deputies of the nobility, clergy and four Lille justice tribunes, representing the third estate.
“The people of this country at all times were very warlike, the nobility there are brilliant, many beautiful lands were elevated to the rank of principalities, counties, and the like” [1] . Currently, Walloon Flanders forms the districts of Lille and Douay within the department of Nor .
Governors of Lille, Douai and Orsha
- from 1296 - Adam de Cardone
- from 1307 - Gilles Aken
- from 1313 - Pierre de Brok
- since 1320 - Renard de Chuanel (Choiseul, Choisiel)
- from 1337 - Ferry Denis
- from 1338 - Godemar Fay
- from 1340 - Pierre de la Palu
- Eustache de Ribmon (d. 1349)
- Baudoin de Lance, Señor d'Annequin (died 1364)
- from 1364 - Richard Purchio
- from 1366 - Blow de Ranti
- from 1367 - Tristan du Bois
- since 1369 - Nicolas van der Cleet
- from 1370 - Jean de Am
- from 1379 - Gilles du Catel
- from 1380 - Gerard de Rasssengien
- Peter van der Zip (d. 1409)
- 1409-1410 - Henri de Mortan
- 1410-1414 - Jean II de Lannois
- 1414-1444 - South de Lannoy , lord de Sant
- Baudoin I de Lannoy , lord de Molembé (according to Jean Bucelyn)
- 1445-1459 - Baudin d'Ugny, sir d'Estre
- 1459-1465 - Jean III de Lannois
- 1465-1467 - Antoine d'Ugny, seigneur de Bruet
- 1467–1479 - Jean de Rosembois, lord de Fromel
- 1479–1484 - Jean de Am, seigneur de Sangat
- 1484-1485 - Jean de la Grutauz, Senor d'Espierres
- 1485-1501 - Baudouin II de Lannoy , lord de Molembé
- 1501-1513 - Jacques II de Luxemburg , Senor de Fiennes
- 1513–1530 - Jacques III de Luxemburg , Comte de Havre
- 1532—1553 - Adrien de Croy , Comte du Reux
- 1554–1563 - Jean de Montmorency , lord de Curriere
- 1563—1566 - the position is vacant
- 1566-1583 - Maximilien de Gand-Vilhen , Count d'Izengyen (temporary until 1570). In 1576-1579 he was in captivity, and the post temporarily performed:
- 1576-1578 - Francois de Montmorency , Baron de Vastine
- 1578 - South de Bournell, Senor d'Estembeck
- 1578-1579 - André d'Ugny, Senor de Villerval
- 10.22.1579 Archduke Matthias and the States General appointed Pierre de Melin , Prince d'Epinoy, Superintendent of Gallicant Flanders, Artois and other provinces, to resist Alessandro Parma
- 1583-1590? - Philippe de Rekur, Baron de Lick
- 1590—1593? - Francois de Montmorency , Baron de Vastin (according to Buiselin)
- 1593–1621 - Juan de Robles, Comte d'Annap
- 1621-1624 - the position is vacant
- 1624-1631 - Philip Lamoral de Gand-Vilhen , Count d'Izengyen
- 1631–1632 - Alexander I de Bournonville , Count d'Enin-Letiard
- 1636-1639 - Philippe de Rübampre , Comte de Werten
- 1640—1653 - Eustache II de Croy , Comte du Reux
- 1653—1667 - Philippe-Hippolyte-Charles Spinola , Count de Bruaye
- 1667—1676 - Bernardin Gigot , Marquis de Belfon
Governor General of Flanders and Hainaut
- 1676-1694 - Louis IV de Crevan , Duke d'Humer
- 1694-1711 - Duke Louis-Francois de Bufler
- 1711-1747 - Duke Joseph-Marie de Bufler
- 1747-1751 - Duke Charles-Joseph-Marie de Buffler
- 1751-1787 - Charles de Rogan , Prince de Soubise
- 1788-1790 - Charles-Eugène-Gabriel Delacroix , Marquis de Castries
Notes
- ↑ Histoire generale des Pais-Bas, 1720 , p. 176.
Literature
- Bavelier A. Essai historique sur le droit d'élection et les anciennes assemblées représentatives de la France. - Genève: Mégariotis Reprints, 1979, pp. 269-270 [1]
- Braure M. Étude économique sur les châtellenies de Lille, Douai et Orchies, d'après des enquêtes fiscales des XVe et XVIe siècles // Revue du Nord. Année 1928, Volume 14, N ° 54, pp. 85—116 [2]
- Bucelin J. Annales Gallo-Flandriae. - Duaci: Marci Wyon, 1624 [3]
- Derode V. Histoire de Lille et de la Flandre Wallonne. - P .; Lille, 1848. Tome I , Tome II , Tome III
- Duquenne F. L'équilibre de la faiblesse. Les relations entre les États provinciaux de Lille, Douai et Orchies et le pouvoir central à l'époque des Archiducs // Revue du Nord. Année 2008, Volume 4, N ° 377, pp. 775–794 [4]
- Foucart J. Une institution baillivale française en Flandre: la gouvernance du souverain bailliage de Lille-Douai-Orchies, Mortagne et Tournaisis. - Lille: É. Raoust, 1937
- Histoire generale des Pais-Bas, contenant la description des XVII provinces. T. ii. - Bruxelles: François Foppens, 1720. , pp. 175-181 [5]
- Lebon . La Flandre Wallonne aux 16e et 17e siècle. - Douai: V. Adam, 1838 [6]
- Monier R. Foucart (Jacques) - Une institution baillivale française en Flandre: la gouvernance du souverain bailliage de Lille-Douai-Orchies, Mortagne et Tournaisis, 1937 [compte rendu] // Revue du Nord. Année 1938, Volume 24, N ° 93, pp. 60-63 [7]
- Plouvain P.-A.-S.-J. Notes historians of aux offices and aux officiers de la Gouvernance du Souverain Bailliage de Douai et Orchies. - Douai: Deregnaucourt, 1810 [8]
- Poullet E. Les Gouverneurs de province dans les anciens Pays-Bas catholiques. - Bruxelles: F. Hayez, 1873. , pp. 178–181
- Rolland P. Foucart (Jacques). Une institution Baillivale Française en Flandre: La Gouvernance du Souverain Bailliage de Lille, Douai, Orchies, Mortagne et Tournaisis [compte rendu] // Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire. Année 1939, Volume 18, N ° 1, pp. 179-180 [9]