The French kingdom ( French Royaume français ) is a short-lived regime of constitutional monarchy in France, which exercised power from September 3, 1791 to September 21, 1792. This regime was the first constitutional monarchy in France. The legislature temporarily suspended the king on August 11 after the storm of the Tuileries Palace. [1] The Constituent Assembly formed during the elections abolished the monarchy on September 21, 1792, thereby bringing to an end the period of uninterrupted rule of the Bourbon dynasty in France, which lasted 203 years.
| Historical state | |||
| Kingdom of france | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Royaume français | |||
| |||
| Motto : “La Nation, la Loi, le Roi (Nation, Law, King)” | |||
 Kingdom of France before its abolition | |||
←   →- | |||
| Capital | Paris | ||
| Religion | Catholicism | ||
| Form of government | A constitutional monarchy | ||
| Dynasty | Bourbons | ||
| King of the french | |||
| • 1791-1792 | Louis XVI | ||
| Story | |||
| • September 3, 1791 | Adoption of the constitution | ||
| • August 10, 1792 | Assault Tuileries | ||
| • September 21, 1792 | Proclamation of the Republic | ||
Content
Background
France at the end of the 18th century was undergoing a revolution. In 1791, the Legislative Assembly proclaimed its formation and its intention to provide the country with a fair and liberal constitution. [2] Louis XVI moved to Paris in October of that year, but soon began to harbor hatred and fear for the city and organized an escape plan from there in 1791. The escape was known as the “ escape to Varennes ” and in the end did not justify itself: the king was captured, and the monarchist sympathies among the people were shaken. [3] The Louis XVI brothers in exile who camped in Koblenz rallied to invade France. The monarchs of Austria and Prussia answered the call of the royal brothers and in August signed the Pilnitz Declaration . The declaration said that Prussia and Austria wanted to restore Louis XVI and his absolute power, but could only attempt to do this with the help of other European powers. [four]
Constitution
Louis XVI was forced to adopt the Constitution of 1791 , drawn up by the Legislative Assembly after fleeing to Varennes. [5] The Constitution of 1791, which established the Kingdom of the French, was revolutionary in content. She abolished the nobility of France and declared all people equal before the law. Louis XVI had the opportunity to veto bills that he did not approve of, so they still needed royal consent for entry into force. [6]
Republic
Louis XVI reluctantly declared war on Austria on April 20, 1792, bowing to the demands of the Assembly. Prussia was in alliance with Austria, so France was drawn into the war with her. [7] The manifesto of the Duke of Braunschweig , commander of the Austrian and Prussian forces, was drawn up in response to the assault on the Tuileries on August 10, 1792. The manifesto clearly threatened the inhabitants of Paris with grave consequences if they did harm to Louis XVI and his family in any way. [8] The Legislative Assembly was littered with petitions to abolish the monarchy. The President of the National Assembly answered them with the suspension of the king on August 11 in anticipation of the election results of the new Assembly. [1] The newly elected on the basis of universal male suffrage. The Legislative Assembly liquidated the monarchy on September 21, 1792. France was proclaimed a republic. [9]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Fraser, 454
- ↑ Hibbert 63
- ↑ Hibbert 130
- ↑ Hibbert, 143
- ↑ Jones, 426
- ↑ The Constitution of 1791 Archived on July 26, 2011.
- ↑ Hibbert 145
- ↑ Jones, 459
- ↑ Jones, 462
Literature
- Fraser, Antonia: "Marie Antoinette: the Journey", Orion Books, London, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7538-1305-8
- Hibbert, Christopher: "The French Revolution", Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1982, ISBN 978-0-14-004945-9
- Jones, Colin: "The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon", Columbia University Press, New York, 2002, ISBN 0-231-12882-7