Markscheider ( German: Markscheider [markscheider]; from Mark “mark”, “border” + Scheider “separator”) - mining engineer or technician, specialist in spatial and geometric measurements in the bowels of the earth and on the corresponding sections of its surface with subsequent display of the results measurements on plans, maps and sections during mining and geological exploration.
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Mine surveying is a branch of mining science and technology, the subject of which is the study on the basis of field measurements and subsequent geometric constructions of the structure of the deposit, the shape and size of the bodies of the mineral in the bowels, the placement of useful and harmful components in them, the properties of the enclosing rocks, the spatial location of the workings, processes deformation of rocks and the earth's surface in connection with mining, as well as a reflection of the dynamics of the production process of the mining enterprise. Work is carried out using surveying instruments. Data is synthesized in the mountain graphic documentation, which is drawings obtained by the method of geometric projection.
History
Mine Surveyor :
- rank IX class in the old table of ranks for officials of the mining department, abolished in 1834 ;
- in tsarist Russia : a government official who monitors the correctness and accuracy of geodetic measurements during mining (when setting directions for connecting workings, measuring mine fields, delimiting the work of various owners, etc.); mostly as assistant district engineers. Surveyors were often also assigned land allotment and on the surface.
Today, the surveyor is a specialist who carries out planning and control of all stages of the construction of underground structures and the development of mine workings (ground - quarries , opencasts, artisans, ditches and underground - mines, adits , metro and wells), organization of work and process adjustment in accordance with plan for the completion of the facility.
Mine surveying is a complex science and is closely connected with many scientific disciplines: physical, technical, mathematical, geological and mineralogical and exploration, astronomical and geodetic, as well as with the technology of field development and construction.
Profession specifics
It is the responsibility of the surveyor to comply with all design parameters of mineral development systems, all parameters and deformations of buildings and structures in the mine and on the surface of a mining enterprise. In addition to certain knowledge, abilities and skills, he is obliged to have a very balanced character, be infinitely pedantic, accurate and accurate in the performance of his duties, to know the safety precautions. Mistakes in his work can lead to colossal losses, accidents with mass deaths. The mine surveyor takes into account the movement and condition of mineral reserves (discovered, prepared and ready for excavation), taking into account losses and dilution of the mineral.
The mine surveying service at the mining enterprise also monitors the process of moving rocks on the sides of the quarry, dumps of empty rocks, and, if necessary, takes measures to prevent the movement of rocks, or to prevent further mining. A related profession in ground construction is a surveyor engineer .
Literature
- Mine Surveying // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Bauman V.I. The course of mine surveying art [in 3 volumes] (1905-1908).
- Mine Surveying // Mining Encyclopedia : 5 tons / Ch. ed. E. A. Kozlovsky; editorial: M.I. Agoshkov, N.K. Baibakov, A.S. Boldyrev et al. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia. T.3: Kengan - Orth. - 1987. - 592 p. - S. 258.