Pain, Emil Abramovich

In 1974 he graduated from the History Department of Voronezh State University .

In 1977–1980, he was a senior researcher at the Central Research and Design Institute for the Planning and Development of Rural Settlements and Civil Housing in the Village.

In 1983 he graduated from the graduate school of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov in the department of ethnography and defended his thesis for the degree of candidate of historical sciences on the topic "Ethnosocial conditions for the development of rural settlement: on the materials of the Uzbek SSR" (specialty 07.00.07 - ethnography) ^{[2 ]} .

In 1980-1991 - head of the sociological research sector of the department of economic and sociological research of the Central Research and Design Institute for Urban Planning.

In 1991–1994 - Director of the Center at the Foreign Policy Association of the Russian Federation (later this center was transformed into the Center for Ethnic and Regional Studies).

In February 1993, he was appointed a permanent member of the Presidential Council. He left the post in 1996.

In 1994–1995, he was the head of the national policy research area of ​​the Analytical Center of the President of Russia.

In 1995–1996 - Deputy Head of the Analytical Department of the President of Russia.

In September 1996 - February 1999 - Advisor to the President of Russia Boris Yeltsin . Actual State Advisor to the Russian Federation, 2nd class. Member of the MVK of the Security Council of the Russian Federation on the problems of the North Caucasus. At this time, Pain successfully combines administrative work with scientific activity.

In 1996, he was the head of the Working Group under the President of the Russian Federation to end hostilities and resolve the situation in the Chechen Republic.

In 2000-2001 - Leading Researcher at the International Center. Woodrow Wilson ( Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars , Washington , USA ).

In 2002–2008 - head of the center for the study of xenophobia and the prevention of extremism of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences . At the moment, a leading researcher at IP RAS.

In 2004 he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Political Science on the topic “Ethnopolitical processes in modernizing Russia: The concept of nonlinear development of ethnopolitical integration” (specialty 23.00.02 - political institutes, processes and technologies) ^[3]

From 2004 to the present - professor at the Higher School of Economics National Research University (HSE)

Since 2015, he has been the chief researcher at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration .

From February 2011 to June 2012, he was a member of the Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights .

Among the professional interests of E. Pain include: ethno-political processes, national politics, ethnic conflict, the dynamics of national consciousness, the nature of ethno-confessional extremism, the formation of a civil nation.

He was awarded the International Woodrow Wilson Center for Scientific Research, VDNKh silver and bronze medal for scientific work (1985 and 1990).

He advocates the compulsory study of the native language by the peoples of Russia, not only in schools but also in universities in some specialties. He believes that there is less volunteering in this matter than in the study of chemistry. ^{[4] [5]}

Emil Pain made a significant contribution to the development of Russian political science.

In 2004, in the book of the same name, Pain proposed a model of an “ethnopolitical pendulum,” that is, a nonlinear (pendulum) development of ethnopolitical processes. The author studies the ethno-political changes taking place in modern Russia, highlighting two eras of the post-Soviet period: the "era of revolution" and the "era of stabilization". The first cycle of the swing of the pendulum is the activation of ethnic minorities (early 1990s). The second cycle is the activation of the ethnic majority, associated with the manifestation of the “anxiety effect” of Russians (beginning in the mid-1990s). Finally, an increase in the ethnic consciousness of Russians can, in turn, provoke a response from ethnic minorities (a third, final cycle that could become a destructive crisis of statehood). In the future, and in particular in the book "Multi-Ethnic City", Pain developed this concept. The author believes that the center of gravity of ethno-political problems in Russia has shifted - from the relations of the Russian republics with the federal center to ethnic conflicts in cities (in connection with migration processes). In this regard, Pain makes suggestions for adjusting the Russian “national policy” , which not only does not consider the city as a subject of politics, but also does not take into account a number of factors (including migration). Instead of the Soviet-style paradigm of "national politics", the author proposes another paradigm - "managing cultural diversity."

Emil Pain is also the author of the concept of "imperial syndrome", developed by him on Russian material in the book "Between the Empire and the Nation " and subsequent works. In the author's concept, imperial syndrome includes three key elements - imperial order (or imperial power ), imperial body and imperial consciousness. The imperial order is the political regime of the empire, which is characterized by a denial of the principles of popular sovereignty and national self-determination . In other words, imperial power is exercised without the consent of subjects. The imperial power aims to manage and preserve the imperial body - the territory of the country, divided into regions that are poorly integrated culturally, preserving historical traces of colonial conquests and the constant development of the conquered open spaces. The imperial body in Russia implies the absence or suppression of the political subjectivity of not only non-cultural regions, but also regions with a predominance of the Russian population. Finally, imperial consciousness includes a complex set of traditional stereotypes of mass consciousness , for example, “political political culture” (in terms of G. Almond and S. Verba ), statist values, hopes for a “wise king” and “strong hand”, as well as imperial ambition towards the outside world.

In his works, Pain also actively develops the theory of a political nation , exploring the relationship between the national organization of society and democracy . In particular, Pain develops the idea of ​​D. Rastow ( Dankwart Rustow ) about national unity as the only prerequisite for the transition to democracy. However, national consensus plays a key role not only in the establishment, but also in the maintenance of the modern democratic regime. According to Pain, in post-Soviet Russia we are talking about a hybrid type of national-state system ^[6] . The latter is distinguished by a number of formal political, legal and cultural signs of the formation of a political nation in the country, but at the same time it retains many features of the previous imperial development - the “imperial syndrome” that impedes the development of democratic institutions.

Monographs

in Russian

• Ethno-social factors in the development of rural settlements. M., 1983;
• Sociological methods in urban planning. M., 1989;
• Preservation of historical and cultural heritage in urban planning. M., 1990;
• State policy of Russia in conflict zones. M.: Center for Ethnic and Regional Studies, 1994;
• National policy of Russia: history and modernity. M., 1997;
• The evolution of relations between the center and regions of Russia: from conflict to the search for harmony. M, 1997;
• Between the empire and the nation: the modernist project and its traditionalist alternative in the national policy of Russia. M .: New Publishing House, Liberal Mission Foundation , 2003. - 248 p. ISBN 5-98379-012-9 ;
• Terrorism in the modern world: the origins, essence, trends and threats. M .: Institute of Sociology RAS, 2003;
• Ethnopolitical pendulum: dynamics and mechanisms of ethnopolitical processes in post-Soviet Russia. M .: Institute of Sociology RAS , 2004. - 327 p. ISBN 5-89697-091-9 ;
• Tolerance against xenophobia (foreign and Russian experience). M .: Academia, 2005 (co-editor with V.I. Mukomel);
• Russian modernization: thinking about identity. M .: Kennan Institute, Three Squares Publishing House, 2008;
• Rasputitsa: polemic reflections on the predetermined path of Russia. M .: ROSSPEN , 2009 .-- 269 p. (Russia. In search of himself). ISBN 978-5-8243-1108-2 ;
• The ideology of the “special way” in Russia and Germany: the origins of the content and consequences. M .: Three Squares Publishing House, 2010;
• Internet and ideological movements in Russia / Scientific. ed. E.A. Pain. M.: New Literary Review , 2016. - 480 p. ISBN 978-5-4448-0517-6 (together with G. Nikiporets-Takigawa, S. Fedyunin and S. Prostakov);
• Nation and democracy. Prospects for managing cultural diversity. M.: Thought, 2017 .-- 266 p. ISBN 978-5-244-01197-5 (together with S. Fedyunin);
• Multi-ethnic city. Problems and prospects of managing cultural diversity in major cities. M., 2018 (together with O. Vendina).

in other languages

• The New Russian Diaspora - Russian Minorities in the Former Soviet Republics. ME Sharpe, Armonk, New-York, London, 1994. (co-authored with W. Schlapentoch ).

Articles

in Russian

• Political extremism and terrorism: the social roots of the problem // Century of tolerance. No. 5, 2003;
• Federalism and separatism in Russia: myths and reality // Cosmopolis. No. 1 (3), 2003;
• Modern Russian nationalism in the mirror of Runet // In the book: Russia - not Ukraine: modern accents of nationalism: collection of articles / Comp .: A.M. Verkhovsky . M .: Center "Owl" , 2014. S. 9-31;
• “Social relay race” and other mechanisms of reproduction of stereotypes of social behavior // In the book: X SOCRATIC READINGS. REALITY AS SOCIAL RELAYS / Under the general. ed. W. Schuper. M .: Eslan, 2015.S. 74-88;
• Islamism: the socio-political nature and new threats to Russia // Social Sciences and Modernity. No. 5, 2016;
• On political inertia in a pre-national society // In the book: Sustainable Development of Russia: Challenges, Risks, Strategies: Materials of the XIX International Scientific and Practical Conference of the Humanitarian University April 12–13, 2016: reports. In 2 vols. T. 1. Yekaterinburg: University of the Humanities , 2016. S. 42-60;
• Multiple modernity: features of a bureaucratic hierarchy and corruption in societies with clan traditions // Social Sciences and the Present. No. 2, 2017.
• Nation and democracy. Article 1. The idea of ​​a civil nation in modern Russia // Social sciences and modernity. No. 6, 2017 (together with S. Fedyunin);
• Nation and democracy. Article 2. Illusions of the "post-national" world and the crisis of Western democracies // Social Sciences and Modernity. No. 1, 2018 (together with S. Fedyunin).

in other languages

• From the First Chechen War Towards the Second // The Brown Journal of World Affairs. Vol. 8, No. 1. Winter / Spring 2001;
• Xenophobia and Ethnopolitical Extremism in Post-Soviet Russia: Dynamics and Growth Factors // Nationalities Papers. Vol. 35, No. 5. November 2007;
• Russia between Empire and Nation // Russian Politics and Law. Vol. 47, No. 2. March - April 2009;
• Socio-Culture Factor and Russian Modernization // Waiting for Reform under Putin and Medvedev / Edited by Lena Jonson and Stephan White. Palgrave Macmillan , 2012. P. 96-119;
• The ethno-political pendulum: the dynamics of the relationship between ethnic minorities and majorities in post-Soviet Russia // Managing Ethnic Diversity in Russia / Edited by Oleh Protsyk and Benedikt Harzl. Routledge , 2013. P. 173-189;
• The imperial syndrome and its influence on Russian nationalism // The New Russian Nationalism: Imperialism, ethnicity and authoritarianism, 2000-15 / Edited by Pål Kolstø and Helge Blakkisrud . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press , 2016. P. 46-74;
• Cultural diversity management in the cities: A new Paradigm for ethnopolitical regulation in Russia // Public Service. No. 6 (104), 2016.

• Biography on the EcoSMen portal
• Biography on the HSE website