Paraphase (obsolete; paraphrasia; para- + Greek. Phrasis speech, speech turnover) is a speech disorder consisting in the loss of its meaning and grammatical structure and the use of artificially created words. Paraphase is a feature of aphasia (loss of speech), the main sign of which is a violation of the utterance, the replacement of the correct letters and syllables [1] . A person suffering from paraphase replaces the correct words in the sentence with completely incomprehensible and unnatural in this use and in a specific situation [2] .
| Paraphase | |
|---|---|
| ICD-10 | R 47.0 |
Causes of occurrence
Paraphase can occur in people of different ages. The causes of the violation in adults: [3]
- cerebrovascular accident
- infectious diseases affecting the brain
- injuries
- thromboembolism result
- rupture of aneurysms
- tumors and cysts of the brain
In childhood, the above reasons should be added:
- fetal hypoxia
- maternal injury during pregnancy
- spontaneous abortion
- asphyxiation of the newborn
- childbirth injury
- somatic diseases of the mother during gestation
- intrauterine infection.
Types of Violation
- Verbal paraphase is a painful occurrence most often encountered in acoustic-mnestic aphasia. It is characterized by the replacement of the desired word by another, entering together with it in one associative field (for example, the word chair is used instead of the word table).
- Literal paraphase is the replacement of a sound or a letter in a word with others that occurs during aphasia - and manifests itself both in oral speech and in writing. With various localization of the lesion, literal paraphase - acquires characteristic features. So with sensory aphasia, the replacement is carried out phonemically by close sounds or letters (“c” is replaced by “z”, “b” by “p”). When afferent motor aphasia occurs, it is replaced by elements similar in pronunciation (““ l “” to “n,” ““ m “” to “b”).
- Mirror paraphase - in this case, the patient pronounces the beginning and end of the word correctly, and the middle of the word is from right to left.
Notes
- ↑ Manasco, Hunter. Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders. - 2014 .-- P. 73.
- ↑ Biran M, Friedmann N. 2005. From phonological paraphasias to the structure of the phonological output lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes 20: 589-616
- ↑ What is paraphase: examples and correction of a violation . Date of treatment October 5, 2016.