Battery "Gray Horse" , from October 21, 1919 - Fort "Peredovaya" [1] , from 1926 - Fort "Bukharin" , from 1936 to 1953 - Fort "Krasnogvardeisky" - anti-amphibious coastal battery of the Kronstadt position of Peter Sea Fortress Great . Built in 1911 on Cape Seraya Horse near the village of Black Lahta . The position included two open long-term batteries - on the left flank of the four-gun 120 mm Vickers guns (in Soviet time No. 322), on the right - three- gun 152-mm Canet guns (in Soviet time No. 331).
| Sight | |
| Gray Horse | |
|---|---|
| A country | |
| Location | |
The battery was designed thanks to a memorandum by engineer-major-general A. A. Shishkin . Its main task was to fight the enemy landing ships in the Koporsky Bay , in order to avoid capturing the fort "Krasnaya Gorka" from land. [2]
In May 1919, together with the fort "Krasnaya Gorka", reflected the attack on Petrograd of the Northern Corps of General A. P. Rodzianko and in October of the same year took part in repelling the attack on Petrograd of the North-Western Army of General N. N. Yudenich , successfully repelling all attacks attacking, in this regard, in December 1919 awarded the Honorary Red Banner .
During World War II, the battery held the defense of the Oranienbaum bridgehead . In 1943, the 120-mm Vickers guns were replaced with 130/50-mm B-13 . Disarmed in connection with the liquidation of the Kronstadt fortress in the 1950s.
Content
1919 Uprising
On June 13, simultaneously with the uprising of the fort "Krasnaya Gorka", an uprising began on the battery "Gray Horse", prepared by officer Ogloblin. The communists and the commissar of the battery were arrested, but the team behaved passively and did not go over to the side of the rebels, taking a wait-and-see attitude and barricading themselves in one of the bastions.
The minesweeper Kitoboi , converted into a patrol ship , under the command of midshipman V. I. Speransky, who was on duty at the battery that day, moved to the side of the rebels. The ship was armed with two 75-mm guns. When moving to the side of the rebels, "Kitoba" was first fired at the artillery of the fort and battery, and then, after he lowered the red flag and raised Andrew's , with the ship "Anchor" of his own red division. The whaler, however, received only one small hole on the deck. The next day, the Whaler left for the Red Hill fort, and from there he was sent with a message to the British squadron about the uprising, while the British seized the ship and behaved with it as a military trophy, completely disregarding what it carried St. Andrew's flag. Only on June 17, Kitobay was transferred to the Russian Naval Staff, and the actions of the English squadron in assisting the rebel forts were belated and indecisive [3] [4] .
The guns of the battery took part in the shelling of Kronstadt and the ships of the Baltic Fleet, and, due to the failure of the team, only officers fired artillery. On the night of June 16, the uprising was crushed, the rebels left the battery without damaging the guns and facilities.
Following the Red Hill, the Gray Horse is eliminated. The guns on them are in perfect order. There is a quick check of all the forts and fortresses. Marine experts claim that taking Red Hill from the sea overthrows marine science. I can only mourn the so-called science. The rapid capture of Gorki is explained by the crudest interference on the part of mine and civilians in general in operational matters, reaching the cancellation of orders on sea and land and the imposition of their own. I consider it my duty to declare that I will continue to act in this way, in spite of all my reverence for science.
- I. V. Stalin, telegram June 16, 1919 [3]
Battery No. 333
In 1925, it was planned to reinforce the battery with the help of two 254-mm turret installations from the Rurik cruiser. In 1927, the project was designed to strengthen the fort with two 203-mm towers from the battleship " Republic ". It is based on a modernized project of a 254-mm tower battery Konoplev and Gabbina. The towers were installed in separate concrete nests instead of a single concrete massif into two towers. When installing the tower were upgraded:
- The thickness of the armor roof is increased from 2 to 5 dm.
- Increased vertical guidance angle from 25 to 35 °.
- Installed system Puo.
- Ammunition brought to 195 shots on the gun.
The new battery was assigned No. 9, later No. 333. Together with the batteries of Fort Krasnogvardeisky, it comprised the 33rd Separate Artillery Division of the Izhor fortified area (from April 1942, the Izhora sector of the Baltic Fleet coastal defense).
| |||
| World Heritage Site | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Link | No. 540-003c2 in the World Heritage List ( en ) | ||
| Criteria | i, ii, iv, vi | ||
| Region | |||
| Turning on | 1990 ( 14th session ) | ||
See also
- Red Hill (fort)
- Rise of the fort "Red Hill"
- Petrograd defense
Notes
- ↑ N. A. Kornatovsky . Fight for Red Petrograd. - Moscow: AST Publishing House LLC, 2004. - 606 p. - (Military history library). - 5 000 copies - ISBN 5-17-022759-0 .
- С Gray Horse Fort (“Front Line”)
- ↑ 1 2 Error in footnotes ? : Invalid
<ref>; no text forpukhovfootnotes - ↑ Bogolyubov N. A., midshipman. "Whaler". On guard of the honor of the flag of St. Andrew // Sea Note published by the Company Ofitserov of the Russian Imperial Fleet in America: Sat. - N. Y .: Raussen Language Division, 1965. - Vol. Xxii. - Vol. 59 , No. I. - pp . 13-54 .
Literature
- Gusarov A.Yu. Oranienbaum. Three centuries of history. - SPb, 2011. - ISBN 978-5-93437-329-1 .
- Kornatovsky N. A. The struggle for the Red Petrograd. - Moscow: AST Publishing House LLC, 2004. - 606 p. - (Military history library). - 5 000 copies - ISBN 5-17-022759-0 .
Links
- Gray Horse (inaccessible link)