The Aquitanian language is the language of the Aquitanians who inhabited the territory of Aquitaine (between the Pyrenees and Garonne ) before the Roman conquest. Preserved until the early Middle Ages.
| Aquitanian | |
|---|---|
| Country | Aquitaine |
| Status | Extinct |
| Extinct | to the early Middle Ages |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
| Isolate ( Paleo-Spanish ); probably related to the Basque language | |
| Writing | Latin alphabet |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | xaq |
| IETF | |
Content
Monuments
Witnessed by several hundred personal names and names of gods in Latin transmission. These monuments make it possible to judge that the Aquitanian language was the ancestor of one of the dialect groups of the modern Basque language . With less certainty can be considered the ancestors of the Aquitaines carriers of the so-called. Artenak culture of the Chalcolithic era.
Morphology
Onomastics
The Aquitanian language was characterized by the suffix -tani in relation to the names of the tribes (hence Aquitani, Bastatani, Britanni, Contestani, Cosetani, Edetani, Laretani, Lusitani, Orretani, Turdetani, Varetani , etc.), together with the ending -a , together giving -tania , in relation to the names of localities . For the names of the settlements , the endings -a are also characteristic, but without binding to any tribe (for example, Tolosa ). The hydronyms that have come down to our time are characterized by the endings -no and -ro (it is possible that in ancient times they ended with -na and -ra ). Authentic ancient pronunciation of the above names is not established, because they are known either in the Latin transmission by the ancient Roman authors, or in their modern French or Spanish pronunciation (the ending sa in Spanish will sound like “-sa” [sa] , in French. “-For " [Zə] or" -z " [z] ). [one]
Vocabulary
The following comparative table is based on the research of the Basqueologist Coldo Michelen :
| Aquitanian | Proto-basque | Basque | Value (Basque) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adin | * adiN | adin | century, judgment |
| ANDERE, ER (H) E | * andere | andre | woman mistress |
| ANDOS (S), ANDOX | * andoś | mister | |
| ARIX | * aris | aritz | oak |
| ARTAHE, ARTEHE | * artehe | arte | stone oak |
| ATTA | * aTa | aita | father |
| Belex | ? * beLe | bele | crow |
| BELS | * bels | beltz | the black |
| BIHOX, BIHOS | * bihos | bihotz | a heart |
| BON, -PON | * boN | on | good |
| Bors | * bors | bortz | five |
| CIS (S) ON, GISON | * gisoN | gizon | the man |
| -C (C) O | * -Ko | -ko | decrease suffix |
| CORRI, GORRI | * goRi | gorri | red |
| HALS- | * hals | haltza | alder |
| HAN (N) A | ? * aNane | anaia | brother |
| HAR-, -AR | * aR | ar | male |
| HARS- | * hars | hartz | bear |
| HERAVS- | * herauś | herauts | boar |
| IL (L) VN, ILVR | * iLun | il (h) un | dark |
| Lavr | * laur | lau (r) | four |
| Leher | * leheR | leher | Pine |
| NESCATO | * neśka | neska, neskato | girl |
| OMBE, VMME | * unbe | ume | child |
| OXSON, OSSON | * otso | otso | wolf |
| Sahar | * sahaR | zahar | old |
| SEMBE | * senbe | seme | a son |
| Seni | * śeni | sein | boy |
| -TEN | * -teN | -ten | decrease suffix (unproduct.) |
| -T (T) O | * -To | -t (t) o | decrease suffix |
| -X (S) O | * -tso | -txo, -txu | decrease suffix |
Baskologist Joaquín Gorrotxategi , author of several works on the Aquitanian language [2] , as well as the above-mentioned Michelen also noted the similarity of a number of elements of the Iberian onomastics with Aquitanian [3] :
| Iberian | Aquitanian |
|---|---|
| atin | Adin |
| ata | ATTA |
| baiser | BAESE-, BAIS- |
| beleś | Belex |
| bels | BELS |
| boś | BOX |
| lauŕ | Lavr |
| talsku | TALSCO [4] / HALSCO |
| taŕ | T (H) AR [5] / HAR |
| tautin | TAVTINN / HAVTEN |
| tetel | TETEL [6] |
| uŕke | VRCHA [6] |
See also
- Basque-Iberian hypothesis
Notes
- ↑ Kennedy, James . On the Ancient Languages of France and Spain . // Transactions of the Philological Society . - 1855. - No. 11 - P. 175-176.
- ↑ Gorrochategi (1984, 1993)
- ↑ Michelena (1977), pp. 547-548
- ↑ Trask, 1997 , p. 182.
- ↑ Trask (2008) thinks this could be related to the Basque ethnonym suffix - (t) ar , but this is unlikely because the personal names where it appears (sometimes as the first element, as in TARBELES) don't look at all like ethnonyms.
- ↑ 1 2 "VRCHATETELLI. Muruzábal de Andión (Navarra). Lápida funeraria. CIL, 2.2967 = EN3 • Gen. sg. H. • Setrata de un nombre claramente ibérico, compuesto de dos elementos onomásticos que se encuentran en otros nombres ibéricos ”in the book. Gorrochategui, 1984 , p. 288
Literature
- Trask, LR The History of Basque . - London / New York, 1997 .-- ISBN 0-415-13116-2 .
- Michelena, L. De onomástica aquitana (Spanish) // Pirineos. - 1954. - V. 10 . - P. 409-458 .
- Gorrochategui, Joaquín. Estudio sobre la onomastica indigena de Aquitania. - Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, 1984. - 384 p. - ISBN 9788475850139 .
Links
- Aquitanian Language by Jesús Rodríguez Ramos