Orthilia is one-sided ( Latin: Orthília secúnda ) - a perennial herbaceous plant growing in the forest zone of the Northern Hemisphere ; a species of the genus Ortilia of the Heather family ( Ericaceae ).
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Orthilia secunda ( L. ) House | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The common names of the plant are: uterine uterus, boreal flower, pine forest, Borovinka, wine grass, hare salt, pear-tree, forest pear, winter-green.
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Range
Circumboreal genus. It grows in the cold and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere , in the forest zone. Perennial plant .
It is found in Russia in the European part , in Siberia , the Far East and the Ciscaucasia .
It grows in coniferous , mixed and small-leaved forests, on clearings , edges , clearings , in forest ravines .
Morphology
(in the figure under the number 2).
Botanical illustration of Jacob Sturm from the book Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen , 1796
Shoots 5-25 cm high, lodging.
The rhizome is long, branched, the subordinate roots are numerous, thin. The annual growth of rhizomes can reach 1 m.
The leaves are winter-green, alternating, oval or round, whole-marginal or slightly crenellated, clearly petiolate, in the upper part of the stem ovate-lanceolate scaly, green or brownish, up to 8 mm long, in the bottom - light green oblong-ovate sharp-toothed, up to 4 cm long quite thin. The leaves are located at the bottom of the stem , but are not crowded into a socket . Petiole usually shorter than leaf blade, but sometimes equal to it.
Flowers drooping, collected 8-18 in a dense multi-flowered racemose one-sided inflorescence . Corolla greenish-white, almost bell-shaped, regular, 4-5 mm long, with converging petals, fine-toothed at the edges. There are 5 petals and sepals , triangular lobes , finely dentate. Stamens are erect. Column longer than corolla , without ring, straight. The stigma is wide, almost stellate, pentagonal. Anthers without horns. At the base of the ovary is a glandular subpesticular disc with 10 cloves. In the European part of Russia it blooms in June-July.
The fruit is an oval capsule up to 6 mm long, opens from bottom to top. Fruits in August.
Reproduction
Mycotroph .
Propagated by seeds and vegetatively, with the help of underground shoots, which, emerging in spring in the surface, form 3-5 leathery leaves withterminal kidney , from which a new outlet will be formed next year.
Chemical Composition
The grass contains iridoids , hydroquinone , arbutin , methylarbutin , coumarins , tannins , flavonoids , quinones , vitamin C , organic acids : tartaric and citric , as well as trace elements : iron , copper , zinc , manganese and titanium . [2]
Meaning and Application
It is used in folk medicine in Siberia, the Far East, Crimea, the Caucasus in the form of infusions , decoctions , tinctures as a diuretic , wound healing , hemostatic , anti-inflammatory , antiulcer , astringent for diseases of the digestive system, as well as a sedative and antiepileptic agent [3] [4] . The peoples of the Caucasus used the aerial part of the plant as a diuretic , hemostatic , wound healing and astringent [5] . In Western Siberia and the Urals, it was used not only in this capacity, but was also used as a remedy for epilepsy and diarrhea [4] [6] . In Eastern Siberia, under the names “Borovy uterus”, “Borovinka”, “Pear”, “Rabbit salt”, “Zimozol” it is an extremely popular remedy used mainly for various gynecological diseases: endometritis , salpingo-oophoritis , infertility , tumor and adhesive processes, tubal occlusion, cervical erosion and endotservitah when menstrual irregularities , dysfunctional uterine bleeding , uterine hypoplasia , adnexitis and obesity , as well as diseases of the genitourinary Istemi - cystitis , urethritis , pyelonephritis , etc... [6]
A strong broth of rhizome is used as a lotion for the eyes [7] .
Aborigines of North America ( Alaska ) use seeds for food, and the aerial part - for making tea substitute .
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Nikiforov Yu. V. Altai herbs-healers. - Gorno-Altaysk: Yuch-Sumer - Belukha, 1992. (Retrieved November 3, 2009)
- ↑ Schroeter, 1975 .
- ↑ 1 2 Wild-growing beneficial plants of the Crimea, 1971 .
- ↑ Levchuk, 1927 .
- ↑ 1 2 Veal, 1985 .
- ↑ Smith, Harlan I. Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia // National Museum of Canada Bulletin. - 1929. - Vol. 56. - P. 62.
Literature
- Gubanov I.A. et al. 998. Orthilia secunda (L.) House [ Ramischia secunda (L.) Garcke] - Orthilia one-sided // Illustrated identifier of plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2004. - T. 3. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - S. 12. - ISBN 5-87317-163-7 .
- Nikiforov Yu. V. Altai herbs-healers. - Gorno-Altaysk: Yuch-Sumer - Belukha, 1992. (Retrieved November 3, 2009)
- Schröter A.I. Medicinal flora of the Soviet Far East. - M: "Medicine", 1975. - 327 p.
- Wild useful plants of Crimea. - Yalta, 1971. - 278 p.
- Levchuk A.P. Hemostatic and uterine drugs // Proceedings of the NHFI. - 1927. - Issue. 15. - S. 3-79.
- Telyatiev V.V. Useful plants of Central Siberia. - Irkutsk, 1985 .-- 417 p.