One flower ( Latin Monéses ) is a monotypic genus of plants of the Heather family (according to the APG II system [2] ). According to the Kronquist system, it belongs to the Grushankov family .
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 The one-color one-flowered. General view of a flowering plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Moneses Salisb. ex Gray , 1821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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The only species of the genus is the one-flowered one-flowered or large-flowered ( Moneses uniflóra ) ( L. ) A.Gray , 1848 [3] .
The Latin name of the genus comes from other Greek. μόνος is the only one , and ἕσις is aspiration , impulse . Indicates a single flower [4] [5] [6] .
Content
Botanical Description
Perennial plant .
Rhizome creeping thin, highly branched, located in the upper layers of the soil .
Shoots erect, thin-ribbed, up to 20 cm high.
The leaves are winter-green, oval or rounded or round-ovate, edged-town-like or indistinctly serrated along the edge, up to 25 mm long, clearly petiolate , crowded at the base of the stem; pale green. Petiole shorter than leaf blade.
The flower is drooping, fragrant, on a long peduncle , up to 2 cm across , single (this is associated with the Russian national name). Corolla white, wide open, flat, up to 25 mm across, petals open, straight or bent. The cup is greenish. Petals are white, spread out to the sides. Anthers with horns. Pestle with a thick stellate stigma . It blooms in June - July.
The fruit is a spherical erect box , 6-8 mm across. Fruits in August.
Propagated by seeds and vegetatively . In the first years, the seedling leads an underground saprophytic lifestyle, later it gives ground shoots [7] .
Distribution and Ecology
It grows in the cold and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere .
In North America , it is widespread: from southern Alaska and eastern Canada to northern California , Arizona, and New Mexico . In the states of Connecticut and Ohio, it is endangered ( Eng. Endangered ), in Rhode Island - in danger ( Eng. Threatened ) [8] .
In Europe, it is common almost everywhere [9] .
In foreign Asia, it grows in Mongolia , Japan , Korea , and China ( Gansu , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Sichuan , Xinjiang , Yunnan ), in Taiwan [10] . It is rare in Kashmir [11] .
It is found in Russia in the European part (except for the southern regions), in Siberia , the Far East and the North Caucasus . In some areas it is rare and needs protection.
It grows in coniferous (usually spruce ) and mixed forests with moderate moisture.
Chemical Composition
Grass contains triterpenoids , iridoids , steroids , phenolcarboxylic acids , flavonoids and arbutin [12] .
Medical Use
In North America, monotone is used as an emetic. In Western Europe, it is used externally for eye diseases.
In folk medicine in Siberia and Altai, the tincture of a fresh plant in vodka is taken as a diuretic and emetic, as well as in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract ( gastralgia ), heart disease, and for rubbing with aching joints. A decoction of the leaves is used for all types of bleeding, as a homeopathic and astringent for spastic colitis and externally for wound healing. Decoction also washed the eyes with conjunctivitis and blepharitis [12] .
Taxonomy
Together with the genera, Zimolyubka ( Chimaphila ) Pursh , Ortilia ( Orthilia ) Raf. and Grushanka ( Pyrola ) L. The same flower belongs to the tribe Grushankovye ( Pyroleae ) Dumort. subfamilies Vertlianicevye ( Monotropoideae ).
Synonyms of the genus:
- Bryophthalmum E. Mey.
- Monanthium Ehrh. ex house
- Odostima Raf.
Synonyms of the species according to The Plant List [13] :
- Chimaphila rhombifolia hayata
- Monanthium reticulatum ( Nutt. ) House
- Moneses grandiflora Salisb. ex Gray , nom. superfl.
- Moneses reticulata Nutt.
- Moneses rhombifolia (Hayata) Andres
- Moneses uniflora var. reticulata (Nutt.) SFBlake
- Moneses uniflora subsp. reticulata (Nutt.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor
- Pyrola uniflora L. basionym
- Pyrola uniflora var. reticulata (Nutt.) H. St. John
Natural Resources Conservation Service provides a subspecies and variety : Moneses uniflora subsp. reticulata ( Nutt. ) Calder & Roy L. Taylor and Moneses uniflora var. reticulata ( Nutt. ) SFBlake . The International Plant Names Index complements this list with a variety of Moneses uniflora var. reticulata SFBlake .
Miscellaneous
In 1995, when studying monotony, a new antibiotic, chlorochemaphilin, was discovered [14] .
Northern Italy | (increased) | (increased) Squawk Mountain State Park , Washington State , USA | September 2008 |
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Subfamily Monotropoideae , tribe Pyroleae .
- ↑ Earlier it was called the Grushanka single-flowered ( Pyrola uniflora ) L. , 1753 - Sp. Pl. 1: 397
- ↑ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center's Native Plant Information Network (English)
- ↑ The name in English has roughly the same meaning . One-flower Wintergreen (see, for example, Cronquist A. et al . Intermountain flora. 1972) - and Dutch - Netherlands. eenbloemig wintergroen ( Frencken J. Het eenbloemig wintergroen (Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray) in Nederland. // Natura Heemstede. - Apr. 1971. Vol. 68 (4). - P. 55-57 (nid.) )
- ↑ At the same time, in California, it is called a forest nymph . Woodnymph . See, for example, Hickman JC (ed) . The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. - 1993. (English)
- ↑ Gubanov, 2004 , p. eleven.
- ↑ According to the USDA .
- ↑ Flora Europaea , Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (English)
- ↑ Flora of China
- ↑ Flora of Pakistan
- ↑ 1 2 Nikiforov, 1992 .
- ↑ Monochrome (English) : Information on the name of a taxon on The Plant List (version 1.1, 2013) .
- ↑ Saxena G., Farmer SW, Hancock REW, Towers GHN Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora. In: Journal of natural products, Jan. 1996., v. 59 (1), p. 62-65. (eng.)
Literature
- Bush N. A. Rod 1085. One-color - Moneses // Flora of the USSR : 30 tons / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1952. - T. 18 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin , E.G. Bobrov . - S. 14-15. - 802 s. - 3000 copies.
- Nikiforov Yu. V. Altai herbs-healers. - Gorno-Altaisk: Yuch-Sumer - Belukha, 1992.
- Gubanov I.A. et al. 997. Moneses uniflora (L.) A.Gray - Large-flowered monocot // Illustrated identifier of plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2004. - T. 3. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - S. 11. - ISBN 5-87317-163-7 .
Links
- Monotone at USDA National Resource Conservation Service PLANTS Database
- Monotone - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .