Leninsky district (Nizhny Novgorod)

Leninsky district is located in the Zarechny part of the city , along the Oka River , between the Kanavinsky and Avtozavodsky districts.

• Microdistrict Gvozdilny,
• Neighborhood Engine Revolution,
• Microdistrict Hippodrome,
• Mikrorayon Karpovskiy,
• Microdistrict Red Etna,
• Neighborhood Molitovsky backwater,
• District Molitovsky,
• Mikrorayon Stankozavod,
• Tool Village,
• Village Metalist.

Leninsky district was formed on February 21, 1935 . By the decision of the Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the regional executive committee, the Kanavinsky district was divided into two - the Stalin (from the fair to the garden named after May 1) and the Leninsky (from the garden named after May 1 to Avtozavodsky district). The following territories entered the newly formed Leninsky district: on the north-south side - the street of the October revolution, from the railway, including the park on May 1, to the village of Kavkaz; in the east - along the coast of the Oka from the Caucasus village to the village of Karpovka; in the south, from the territory of the Engine of Revolution plant through the forest to the railway, including the Voroshilov settlement; in the west - by rail, the area included the villages of Gvozdilny, Instrumental, the Caucasus, Kostina, Metalist, Pervomayka, Molitovka and Shuvalovo. ^[3] .

The historical core of the region is the village of Molitovka, where at the end of the 19th century the linen factory was founded - the Molitovskaya manufactory (now the Open Joint-Stock Company “Flax Works Tehnotkan '”, in its buildings is located the business center “ Bugrov Business Park ”).

The first written evidence of the Russian settlements of the future Leninsky district — Molitovka, Karpovka, Borzovka, Savelkovka — date from the 16th — 17th centuries. Probably these settlements emerged in the XIV century, since the documents of the XVI-XVII centuries are mentioned as long-existing.

Molitovka

The exact date of foundation of the settlement is not known. For the first time, Molitovka is mentioned in the Scribe Book of 1621 . The landowner Misiur Solovtsev owned the village.

The name of the village was given barge haulers . By tradition, they stopped in front of Molitovka and prayed for the bells of the church located at the mouth of the Molitovka River (now the Rzhavka River).

At the end of the seventeenth century , there were 52 courtyards in Molitovka, and 327 people in souls.

The population of Molitovka was engaged in agriculture. They sowed bread , flax , planted carrots , peas , beets . At the same time engaged in various crafts : women spun flax , weaving canvases for themselves and for sale; men harvested dishes from birch wood and wood, wove bast shoes from bast , made bricks . The memory of this fishery remained until the mid-1940s in the name of the tram stop, which was popularly called “Bricks” (now the stop “Zarechny Boulevard”).

Karpovka

Karpovka is one of the oldest settlements in the region. There are several options for explaining the origin of the name of the settlement:

• by the name of the first settler of the boater Karp;
• there used to be many inlet lakes, in which large carps were found.

In the 16th century, the village of Karpovka was listed as one of the old state board scales (the population was collecting honey from wild bees ). According to the inventory of the village, compiled in 1588, there were a total of 7 houses in Karpovka.

In the last years of the 16th century, Tsar Boris Godunov granted Karpovka and the surrounding lands to the nobles brothers Vasily, Andrei and Ortemia Gordeyev. New landowners built their houses here, so the village became known as the village . In 1613, in the village there were 3 landlords and 4 peasant yards. By the end of the 17th century, Karpovka became more crowded: 13 courtyards (60 men in total).

In the 18th century, Karpovka was in the possession of several landowners , including the Belavins, from whose lineage the organizer of the Nizhny Novgorod branch of the Decembrist Union of Welfare , V.I. Belavin .

The village of Karpovka became at the beginning of the 18th century, when, by decree of the Nizhny Novgorod Bishop Pitirim, in order to combat the Old Believers multiplied in the district, a wooden Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Church was built . The existing stone Karpovskaya church was erected in 1817 .

Karpovka reminds the name of the Order Street on the rural past (the word “street” is urban, in the village of Karpovka, whose inhabitants were engaged in peasant labor, the streets were called “orders” in the village). A small piece of the old Karpovka remained on the opposite side of the street. Novikova-Priboy - Balakirev and Suzdal streets.

Borzovka Village

Among the oldest settlements in the Leninsky district is the village of Borzovka. There are 3 options for explaining the origin of the name of the village:

• it was a deaf forest place where landlords came to prepare for hunting , to hound dogs ;
• from the name of the Borzovka River flowing alongside, so called for the speed of its flow (“borzoshniy” - fast);
• the name describes the inhabitants who founded the village (“borzoshniy” - arrogant, aggressive), it is interesting that Borzovka is the only settlement of the Zarechny side, part of whose population belongs to the category of free-grain plowers.

The inhabitants of Borzovka had little suitable land for the occupation of peasant labor. In spring, the eastern field was always flooded, a lot of space was occupied by swamps and forest. It is not surprising that by the middle of the 19th century, Borzovka had a nascent industry: there were 2 piers for loading timber, steel and nail manufacturing. On the banks of the Oka there were several forges that belonged to merchant Vyakhirev. Somewhat later, Vyakhirev began to build barges and boats. Spinning production was developed. In addition, all the women of the village spun flax and weaved cloths for sale, there were 2 rope shops. At the place of Molitovsky backwater until 1887 there was a lake in which the Borzovsk peasants fished.

Village of Savelkovka

The Scribal Book of 1621 mentions another settlement, the village of Savelkovka. Savelovka was located between Kunavinskaya Sloboda , Molitovka and the village of Ratmanova (Ratmanikha). There is no more information about this locality. One can only assume that in its name the village has kept the name Savelko (diminutive of the name Savely).

Caucasus Village

In the middle of the XIX century on the banks of the Oka, on the sands between Molitovka and Kunavinskaya settlement there is a settlement Caucasus. The inhabitants of the village worked at the Kanavin plants, the forest plant of the Sosna joint-stock company (founded in 1897 ) and the Molitovsk flax spinning mill.

There are two explanations for why the settlement was named the Caucasus. The first is based on a legend . Allegedly, in ancient times there were robbers hiding, robbing passing merchant transports. In the language of robbers, robbing means to seize, and instead of the word, prey was used — kaza or khaza. In memory of the robbers, residents called the new settlement a combination of words to seize the treasury - Hapkaz or the Caucasus. Another explanation is more prosaic. Since the village lay on the remote outskirts of Kanavin, the then center of the District, and consisted of dugouts and miserable hovels, made of construction waste, he deserved the ironic name of the Caucasus for its wretchedness and remoteness, that is, the link .

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  Railway in the street of Cosmonaut Komarov

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  Street Hero Chugunova. Military registration and enlistment office

Industrial, Scientific, Industrial, and Transport Enterprises

• JSC PKO "Heat exchanger (enterprise)"
• OJSC "Plant Red Etna"
• OJSC RUMO (previously - the Engine of Revolution plant)
• FSUE SPE "Flight"
• Branch "Volga" LLC " United Heyeken Breweries "
• Branch of Coca-Cola HBC Eurasia
• OJSC " Factory of electrical installation tools "
• The Nizhny Novgorod branch of ZAO Khromtan is a leather processing enterprise, founded in 1916.
• Branch of Russian Railways - Gorky Railway
• CJSC " Nizhny Novgorod Plant of Milling Machines "

Transportation

Bus transport . Bus transportation is carried out by municipal buses (LiAZ and MAZ) and private route taxis (PAZ-3204, PAZ "Vector"). City bus transport connects Leninsky district with all districts of Nizhny Novgorod . Almost all buses through the Leninsky district are in transit. The final stop - the settlement Dachny in the Leninsky district has only routes No. 19 (follows to the village of Vysokovo) and t-88 (route taxi), and also route No. 23a Ul. Pamirskaya - the Krasnaya Etna plant, which temporarily replaced trolleybus route No. 23, closed due to the construction of a metro bridge and an overpass in the Kanavinsky district . Proletarskaya metro station with the bus station of the city of Kstovo is connected by the fixed-route taxi number 300.

Trolley bus Trolleybus depot No. 3 of Nizhny Novgorod is located in Leninsky district (Lenin Avenue, 87 B), serving trolleybus routes, which are mainly located in the neighboring Avtozavodsky district . From the final stop “Proletarskaya metro station” (on Lenin Avenue) to the Avtozavodsky district follow trolleybus routes No. 11 (to the Sotsgorod II microdistrict), No. 12 (to Patriots Street), as well as in transit through the “Proletarskaya” metro station ” Route number 2 was laid, following from the station of Schastlivaya through the Severny microdistrict to the Proletarskaya metro station, then - along Lenin Avenue, Vedenyapin Street to Mineev Street. Route number 2 was formed as a result of the merger of trolleybus routes number 2 and 19. Also on the territory of the Leninsky district were two routes of trolleybuses of trolleybus depot number 2 - No. 18 “Ul. Pamir - Microdistrict Meshcherskoye Lake "and No. 23" Ul. Pamir - factory "Red Etna". " The routes were closed in the fall of 2008 due to the construction of a metro bridge and a flyover in the Kanavinsky District . After the construction of the metro bridge was completed, these routes were not restored. Trolleybus number 23 is temporarily replaced by bus number 23a. According to a statement from the city administration, the restoration of trolleybus traffic to Pamirskaya Street is planned for 2019.

The tram . On the territory of the Leninsky district there is a large tram junction "Komsomolskaya Square". Through it and further along the Molitovsky bridge follows tram route number 27, connecting the Moscow railway station with the mountainous part of Nizhny Novgorod . Also, Komsomolskaya Square and Molitovsky Bridge pass through the route of tram No. 21, which connects Leninsky district with Nizhny Novgorod : The Dubki park - Black Pond, tram route No. 3 connects Leninsky district with Moscow railway station. The route of the tram No. 417 Moscow Railway Station - Igarskaya Street - 52 block ( Avtozavodsky District ) was laid across the territory of the Leninsky District. This is the longest tram route in the city, resulting from the merging of routes number 4 and 17. Also in the Leninsky district begins tram route No. 8 “Ul. Igarskaya - pos. Gnilitsy "( Avtozavodsky district ).

Underground . On the territory of the Leninsky district there are stations of the Avtozavodskaya line of the Nizhny Novgorod Metro : “ Leninskaya ” (at the beginning of Lenin Avenue, on the border with the Kanavinsky District ), “ Zarechnaya ” (at the intersection of Lenin Avenue and Komarov Street), “ Revolutionary Engine ” (near the city hospital No. 33, at the intersection of Lenin Avenue and Norilsk Street), “ Proletarskaya ” (in the area of ​​interchange at the intersection of Lenin Avenue, Novikov-Priboi Street and Transition Street). Behind the Proletarskaya station, in the direction of the Avtozavodskaya station, the connecting branches depart from both tracks of the line to the Proletarskoe depot , located on the border of the Leninsky and Avtozavodsky districts.

Trading

On the territory of the Leninsky district there are large trade enterprises: Muravei department store, Okean shopping center, Maksidom construction hypermarket, Karusel hypermarket, Zarechny market, Komsomolskaya market, Karpovsky building materials market, auto parts market.

The system of municipal educational institutions of the district includes 63 institutions, of which: - 37 pre-school educational institutions; - 19 comprehensive secondary schools, including those with in-depth study of individual subjects (No. 91, 100, 101, 185), Lyceum No. 180, gymnasium No. 184, evening (shift) secondary school No. 28, boarding school No. 6, special (correctional) school VIII type № 107, interschool training center, the center of additional education of children. The educational building of the Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship of the Nizhny Novgorod State University is located on the territory of the Leninsky district. N. I. Lobachevsky (formerly Nizhny Novgorod Commercial Institute).

Theaters, houses of culture

• MUK Theater of musical-plastic drama "Transformation"
• House of Culture "RUMO" ("The engine of revolution")

Cinemas

• “Karo-Film. Russia"

Parks, squares, recreation areas

• Park "Dubki" . The landscape park area is about 19.5 hectares. The basis is a part of a natural oak forest, an ancient monastery forest. 13% of all trees are occupied by oaks (596 units).
• Park Stankozavod (formerly Mayakovsky Park).
• Beach area of ​​the Oka River .
• Beach area of ​​Silicate Lake.
• Square named after Lunacharsky.

Sports Facilities

• Palace of Sports for Children and Youth "District"
• Sports and recreation complex of JSC "Heat Exchanger".
• Sports club "Energy".
• Stadium "Etna".
• Children's and youth sports school № 7 (SDYUSSHOR number 7).

Confessional Buildings

Orthodox churches

• Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya (Karpovskaya) Church (1817, a monument of architecture of regional significance).
• Church in honor of the icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary "Affection" (2010).

^[14]

Mosque

• Mosque them. Mufti Abdulvahida Suleymani (1994).

Religious buildings of other denominations

• The assembly house of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons).

Monuments of civil and industrial architecture, engineering art

• The complex of the Nizhny Novgorod Flax Spin Manufactory:

- factory office (1898-1899) - Motalny lane., 6, - warehouse (1899) - lane. Motalny, 10 (letter A) - school building (1909–1910, architect N. M. Veshnyakov) - ul. Dargomyzhsky, 11a, 68 Tramvina Street.

• Residential building with a cinema "Iskra" (architect L. A. Nifontov, 1956) - ul. October Revolution, 96/12.
• The power plant of the Etna plant (1910s) - Port-Arturskaya ul., 1.

Objects of historical and architectural interest that are not included in the federal and regional lists of protected objects

• School them. 17th party congress (1936, now - school number 101).
• Palace of Culture "Engine of the Revolution" (the 30s of the XX century.). st. Admiral Nakhimov, 1
• Palace of Culture "Red Etna" (1957). st. Premudrova, 8
• Office leather factory (end of XIX century.).

Memorials, monuments to famous people and memorials

• Monuments in . I. Lenin : st. Admiral Nakhimov, 13 (1953); Motalny per., 6; st. July days, 1 (the territory of the factory special vehicles); Lenin Avenue, 46.
• Monument to S. M. Kirov - Kirovskaya St.
• A memorial sign in honor of cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov - Lenin Avenue, at the beginning of Komarov Street.
• Memorial complex "Motherland" in the territory of military burial (1965) - the cemetery "Red Etna" , Udmurt ul., 2v.
• Obelisk to soldiers killed during the Great Patriotic War - Pamir Street.
• Monument to the soldiers of the 322nd Zhytomyr Red Banner Order of Suvorov Rifle Division, who died during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. - st. Komarova, 6.
• Stela "To the dead soldiers-workers of the factory special vehicles during the Great Patriotic War " - st. July days, 1.
• Stele to the part of students and teachers of school number 97, who died during the Great Patriotic War (1968) - st. July days, 10/1.
• Stele of memory to the workers of the Volga plant who died during the Great Patriotic War - Vorotynskaya ul., 3.
• Stele of memory to the workers of the Khromtan plant who died during the Great Patriotic War - ul. Shakespeare, 10.
• The stela "The feat of the people is immortal" (1975) - Lenin Avenue, at the beginning of the Friendship Street.
• Stele of memory to the heroes of the front and rear (1985) - Lenin Avenue, 93 (in front of the entrance to JSC Heat Exchanger).
• Monument to the fallen during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. - st. Admiral Nakhimov, 13 (in front of the main entrance of OJSC RUMO (“Engine of Revolution”).
• Stela on the Walk of Fame of the Krasnaya Etna Plant - Port-Arturskaya Str., 1.
• Stele to the heroes who fell in the years of the Great Patriotic War - students and teachers of school No. 123 (1979) - ul. Friendship, 50.
• Monument to fallen soldiers in the years of the Great Patriotic War 160/89 of the Belgorod-Kharkiv rifle division (1966) - Norilsk Str., 1.
• Monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union Yuri Smirnov and the soldiers who died during the years of the Great Patriotic War (2008) - 55/3 Lenin Avenue (the territory of school No. 60).
• Monument to the dead employees of the EW of the Fleet named after the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution during the years of the Great Patriotic War (2005) - 58 Kashirskaya St.
• Stela "Workers of the rear" - Lenin Avenue, 46.
• Monument to participants of the Great Patriotic War (1966) - st. Hero of Chugunov, 9 (the territory of school number 175).
• Stele to the inhabitants of the Leninsky district - participants of the Great Patriotic War - st. Hero Chugunova, 7.
• Monument to participants of local events (2000) - Zarechny Boulevard, 16 (the territory of school number 106).
• Monument to the residents of besieged Leningrad (1995) - st. Academician Bach, 6 (the territory of school number 185).
• A memorial sign, probably, on the grave of the first head of the Molitovsk flax spinning mill, Mikhail Sergeyevich Shalnov (1885-1923) - ul. Delegatskaya Square ^[15]

• Eliseev, Nikolai Trofimovich (1911–1967) - a native of Nizhny Novgorod, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War , navigator of the 142nd Guards Attack Aviation Regiment, Major Major, Hero of the Soviet Union . By May 1945, he made 143 sorties to attack airfields, manpower and enemy vehicles. Уничтожил на земле 5 и сбил в воздушном бою 2 самолёта, подбил 38 вражеских танков. В послевоенные годы проживал в Ленинском районе, в доме № 15 по ул. Чугунова, похоронен на кладбище «Красная Этна» .
• Попов, Иван Петрович (1923—1943) — участник Великой Отечественной войны , гвардии младший сержант пешей разведки 212-го гвардейского стрелкового полка 75-й гвардейской стрелковой дивизии 60-й армии, Герой Советского Союза . Родился в посёлке Карповка.
• Смирнов, Юрий Васильевич (1925—1944) — Герой Советского Союза , участник Великой Отечественной войны , гвардии младший сержант , стрелок.

В Ленинском районе самая низкая в Нижнем Новгороде обеспеченность зелёными насаждениями общего пользования в расчёте на одного жителя: 3,4 м²/чел. (норматив — 16 м²/чел.) ^[16] .

По состоянию на октябрь 2009 года 80 % придворовых территорий находятся в неудовлетворительном состоянии ^[17] .

• Ермаков И. И., Жданкин П. И. 50 лет с именем Ленина: Очерк об образовании и развитии Ленинского района г. Горького. — Горький: Волго-Вятское книжное изд-во, 1985.
• Морохин Н. В. Нижегородский топонимический словарь. — Нижний Новгород.: КиТиздат, 1997. — 215 с. ISBN 5-88022-052-4 .
• Нижний Новгород в XVII веке. Сборник документов. — Горький: Горьковское книжное изд-во, 1972.
• Трубе Л. Л. География города Горького. — Горький, 1971.
• Список населённых мест Нижегородской губернии по сведениям 1911 года. — Изд-во Нижегородского статистического комитета, 1916.
• Список населённых мест Нижегородской губернии по сведениям 1916 года. — Изд-во Нижегородского статистического комитета, 1916.
• Филатов Н. Ф. Купола, глядящие в небеса. — М., 1996.,

• Сайт Ленинского района