In general, the European Union stands out for its rather complex demographic situation. Firstly, this is explained by a low birth rate and a low level of natural growth. The lowest birth rate in Greece, Spain, Italy, Germany (up to 10%). In Germany, there is even a population decline.
At the same time, the age composition of the population is changing in the direction of lowering the proportion of childhoods and increasing the proportion of older ages.
According to analysts, by 2050, 50% of the population of the European Union will be older than 50 years. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the standard of living in EU countries without a large-scale organization will decrease by 18% [1] .
Content
- 1 Population and area
- 2 Migration
- 3 population density
- 4 Religion
- 5 National composition
- 6 See also
- 7 notes
- 8 Literature
Population and Area
| Member State | Population person | Population % of the total EU | Territory km² | Territory % of total EC | Population density person / km² |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Union | 513 421 691 | one hundred | 4 381 086 | one hundred | 117.19 |
| Austria | 8 858 775 | 1.73 | 83 858 | 1.91 | 105.64 |
| Belgium | 11 467 923 | 2.23 | 30,528 | 0.7 | 375.65 |
| Bulgaria | 7 000 039 | 1.36 | 110 910 | 2,53 | 63.11 |
| United Kingdom | 66 647 112 | 12.98 | 244,820 | 5.59 | 272.23 |
| Hungary | 9 772 756 | 1.9 | 93 030 | 2.12 | 105.05 |
| Germany | 83 019 214 | 16.17 | 357,021 | 8.15 | 232.53 |
| Greece | 10 722 287 | 2.09 | 131,940 | 3.01 | 81.27 |
| Denmark | 5 806 081 | 1.13 | 43 094 | 0.98 | 134.73 |
| Ireland | 4,904,226 | 0.96 | 70,273 | 1,6 | 69.79 |
| Spain | 46 934 632 | 9.14 | 504,782 | 11.52 | 92.98 |
| Italy | 60 359 546 | 11.76 | 301 340 | 6.88 | 200.3 |
| Cyprus | 875 898 | 0.17 | 9250 | 0.21 | 94.69 |
| Latvia | 1 919 968 | 0.37 | 64,589 | 1.47 | 29.73 |
| Lithuania | 2 794 184 | 0.54 | 65,200 | 1.49 | 42.86 |
| Luxembourg | 613 894 | 0.12 | 2586 | 0.06 | 237.39 |
| Malta | 493,559 | 0.1 | 316 | 0.01 | 1561.9 |
| Netherlands | 17 282 163 | 3.37 | 41,526 | 0.95 | 416.18 |
| Poland | 37 912 812 | 7.38 | 312,685 | 7.14 | 121.25 |
| Portugal | 10 276 617 | 2 | 92,082 | 2.1 | 111.6 |
| Romania | 19 401 658 | 3.78 | 237,500 | 5.42 | 81.69 |
| Slovakia | 5,450,421 | 1.06 | 48,845 | 1,11 | 111.59 |
| Slovenia | 2,080,908 | 0.41 | 20 253 | 0.46 | 102.75 |
| Finland | 5 517 919 | 1,08 | 337 030 | 7.69 | 16.37 |
| France | 67,028,048 | 13.06 | 547 030 | 12.49 | 122.53 |
| Croatia | 4,076,246 | 0.79 | 56 542 | 1.29 | 72.09 |
| Czech | 10 649 800 | 2.07 | 78 866 | 1.8 | 135.04 |
| Sweden | 10 230 185 | 1.99 | 449,994 | 10.27 | 22.74 |
| Estonia | 1,324,820 | 0.26 | 45,226 | 1,03 | 29.29 |
Migration
All this has led to a change in the role of the region in the global system of external migration. Since the time of the Great Geographical Discoveries, Europe has been the main focus of emigration, now it has become the main global focus of labor immigration. Immigrants are mainly involved in construction, road works and the automotive industry.
Population Density
Western European countries are the most populated among the countries of the European Union. The population distribution in this region is primarily determined by the geography of cities. The level of urbanization is 70-90%. In Europe in the 1970s, the process of suburbanization began - the outflow of the population from polluted cities to the suburbs and rural areas.
Religion
In Western Europe, the dominant religion is Christianity. Catholicism abruptly prevails in Southern Europe, Protestantism in Northern Europe, they are in different proportions in Middle Europe. In the southeast of the EU - Orthodoxy. On national religious grounds, conflicts arise in some countries (for example, in Great Britain).
National composition
Maps of the ethnic composition of the population
The national composition of the population of Europe is quite homogeneous, since the vast majority of the many peoples of the region belong to the Indo-European language family. There are mono-ethnic states (Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Italy).
There are countries with a predominance of one nation, but with the presence of national minorities (Great Britain, France, Spain). There are also bi-national countries (Belgium), with a more complex ethnic composition.
See also
- List of EU countries
- List of Member States of the European Union by Population
Notes
- ↑ Gemavat, Pankaj, 2013 , p. 97.
- ↑ Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table
Literature
- Pankaj Gemavat. World 3.0: Global Integration Without Barriers. - M .: Alpina Publisher , 2013 .-- 415 p. - ISBN 978-5-9614-4438-4 .