Hillbilly and specific features of life and life, different from those around them. By ethnicity, most hillbillies are descendants of Irish and Scottish emigrants who settled in North America in the 18th century. Already during the War of Independence and then the Civil War in the USA , the practice of illegally obtaining moonshine was widespread among the descendants of these emigrants, which influenced the formation of the stereotypical appearance of hillbilly. According to some researchers, it was among the hillbillies that a musical style appeared, which later became known as country [1] . The use of the term is often derogatory and derogatory in relation to a specific person or group of persons in the context of his or their uncivilization and, as it is believed, had a great influence on the formation of self-perception among the population of rural regions of the Appalachians [2] . Hillbilly's stereotypical images are featured in many American novels and feature films.
Content
Etymology and origin of the term
There is debate among scientists about the etymology of the word “hillbilly”. According to one version, in particular, it comes from the Scottish dialect of the English language, where "hill-folk" means people who have separated from society, and "billy" is used as a common noun for "comrade" [3] . Other scholars associate the word “hillbilly” with the period of the War of the Two Kings in Ireland, when the Protestants supported King William of Orange , who was called “King Billy,” and themselves were known as “Billy Boys” [4] .
The first known use of the word “hillbilly” in print was in June 1892 in the ninth volume of The Railroad Trainmen's Journal [5] , an 1899 photograph of a group of men and women in West Virginia labeled Camp Hillbilly [6] , and In a 1900 article published in the New York Journal American , where, in particular, it is noted that “hillbilly is a free and immoral white Alabama resident, he lives in the mountains, does not think about anything important, puts on what he can, says that he wants, he drinks whiskey whenever he can get it, and takes out a revolver when good assuditsya " [7] [8] . On the website of National Master, on the basis of statistical data determining the meaning of the use of epithets, the word “hillbilly” is noted as the name of gullible people coming from rural or remote areas [9] .
Political Correctness
The Center for Rural Strategies public organization considers the nickname to be politically incorrect and even organized a campaign at the national level to eradicate its use [10] . Meanwhile, the representatives of hillbilly this word can be used in an approving or neutral context [11] .
Music
“Hillbilly music” was often called country music from 1925 [12] to the 1950s. In Pickville, Kentucky , since 1977, a cultural charity festival called Hillbilly Day has been held annually, including the performance of traditional hillbilly music and dance pieces and a fair featuring their cuisines; proceeds from the holiday go to the county hospital aid fund. This event attracts thousands of tourists every year [13] .
See also
- Rednecks
Notes
- ↑ Traditional & Folk Music Encyclopedic Dictionary, Section H3
- ↑ Harkins, Anthony. Hillbilly: A Cultural History of an American Icon: A Cultural History of an American Icon . - New York: Oxford University Press , 2004.
- ↑ Green, Archie. Hillbilly Music: Source and Symbol (English) // Journal of American Folklore : journal. - 1965. - Vol. 78 , no. 309 . - P. 204-228 . - DOI : 10.2307 / 538356 .
- ↑ Hillbillies in the White House , BBC News .
- ↑ Hillbilly . Online Etymology Dictionary . Date of treatment January 24, 2017.
- ↑ Harkins, Anthony. Hillbilly: A Cultural History of an American Icon. - Oxford University Press; 1st edition, November 20, 2003. - ISBN 978-0195146318 .
- ↑ Hawthorne, Julian. Mountain Votes Spoil Huntington's Revenge // New York Journal : newspaper. - 1900. - April 23. - P. 2 .
- ↑ "Online Etymology Dictionary" Hillbilly
- ↑ "NationMaster Encyclopedia" List of regional nicknames
- ↑ Campaign to Stop the Real Beverly Hillbillies (inaccessible link) . Center for Rural Strategies. Date of treatment December 2, 2016. Archived December 2, 2016.
- ↑ Billings, Dwight B. Back Talk from Appalachia: Confronting Stereotypes / Dwight B. Billings, Gurney Norman, Katherine Ledford. - 2000.
- ↑ Sanjek, David. All the Memories Money Can Buy: Marketing Authenticity and Manufacturing Authorship // This is Pop / Eric Weisbard. - Harvard University Press , 2004. - P. 156-157.
- ↑ Hillbilly Days Official Website