Kwidzyn ( Polish: Kwidzyn ), Marienwerder ( German: Marienwerder ) - a city in Poland , part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship , Kwidzyn County . It has the status of city gmina. It covers an area of 21.82 km². The population is 40,008 people (as of 2004 ).
| City | |||||
| Kwidzyn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kwidzyn | |||||
| |||||
| A country |  Poland | ||||
| Voivodship | Pomeranian Voivodeship | ||||
| County | Kvidzynsky district | ||||
| The president | Andrzej Krzysztof Krzysztofiak | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Based | |||||
| Square | 21.82 km² | ||||
| Center height | 42 m | ||||
| Timezone | and | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | 40,008 people ( 2004 ) | ||||
| Density | 1738.2 people / km² | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +48 55 | ||||
| Postcode | 82-500 | ||||
| Car code | Gkw | ||||
| Official TERYT Code | 6222907011 | ||||
| kwidzyn.pl | |||||
Content
History
The history of the city begins in the 11th century , when the Slavic settlement Quedin was founded in its place ( Quedin , Queden is spelled in chronicles).
In 1232, the knights of the Teutonic Order founded in its place the castle of Ordensburg ( German: Ordensburg ), the following year received the status of a city . The population was mainly composed of Mazury - immigrants from the Mazovian Duchy . From 1285 to 1587, the city served as the residence of the Pomezan bishops .
In 1330, the 17th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Werner von Orzeln, was buried in the city cathedral. From 1391 until his death in 1394, Saint Dorothea from Montau lived in the city; her tomb later turned into a pilgrimage site.
On March 14, 1440, the so-called Prussian Union was founded in the city - the union of the cities of Prussia against the Teutonic Order. However, the Thirteen Years' War that followed did not lead to the withdrawal of the city from the Order.
In 1525 (after the transfer of the last Master of the Teutonic Order to Lutheranism and the transformation of Prussia into a secular state), Kwidzyn became part of the Prussian Duchy; since 1701 - the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1773 - 1818 the city was part of East Prussia , later became part of West Prussia .
According to statistics, in 1818 the city was inhabited mainly by Polish-speaking Masuria; however, Germanization policies have steadily reduced the share of the Polish-speaking population. After the incorporation of Marienverdera into the German Empire in 1871 , Germanization markedly increased. As of 1885, there were 8,079 inhabitants in the city, mainly Lutherans by religion. The city produced sugar , vinegar , cars; In addition, dairy farming and horticulture were developed. According to the data for 1910, 35.7% of the population of the city were Polish.
After World War I, most of West Prussia became part of Poland. On July 11, 1920, during a plebiscite on the state ownership of the city, the majority (92%) spoke in favor of leaving the city as part of Germany. Marienwerder became part of the West Prussian District of East Prussia.
During the Weimar Republic , a Polish high school was opened in the city. On August 25, 1939, school students were sent to concentration camps.
During the fighting, Marienverder suffered little. By decision of the Potsdam Conference in 1945, the city passed to Poland; a significant part of the new Polish population were repatriates from Grodno . Part of the old city center was dismantled to provide material for the restoration of destroyed Warsaw .
City Attractions
- Gothic castle of the Teutonic Knights. Laid in 1322, construction completed in the second half of the XIV century .
- St. John's Cathedral ( 1343 - 1384 ); the bishops of Pomezans and the three Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order are buried in the cathedral.
Gallery
Marienverder Bishopric (2004)
Quidzyn Cathedral
Tower of the Order, reconstructed in the 19th century
Church of the Holy Trinity and Ascension of the Virgin
Castle of the Bishops of Pomerania in 1912