Friedrich Gustav Klemm ( German: Friedrich Gustav Klemm ; , - , ) - German historian .
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Life
Born in Chemnitz in the family of a Saxon general. In 1821 he entered the University of Leipzig at the Faculty of Law, but he felt an interest in history and in library science. In 1825 he graduated from the University of Jena with a dissertation in librarianship, and settled in Dresden. Most of his life he worked at the Royal Library in Dresden: from 1826, as second secretary, from 1834 as a librarian, and since 1852, as a director. He was a scholar, wrote poetry. He also directed royal collections. In 1831 he married. He traveled around Italy, but preferred cabinet studies and reluctantly went on any trips.
Klemm collected a huge ethnographic collection, which provided material for his comparative works on the history of culture and became the basis of the Ethnographic Museum of Leipzig . At the end of his life, he practically lost his sight. His son, Gustav Johannes, is a mining engineer .
Works
Klemm's early works were devoted to a wide range of topics: from the book Attila in History, Rumor and Tradition ( German: Attila nach der Geschichte, Sage und Legende ; Leipzig, 1827 ) to History of Bavaria ( German: Die Geschichte von Bayern " ; Dresden, 1828 ). In the future, Klemm's scientific interests were confidently defined as lying in the field of cultural history, pouring into two fundamental works: The General History of the Culture of Mankind ( German: Allgemeine Kulturgeschichte der Menschheit ; Leipzig, 1843 - 1852 ) and The Universal Science of Culture ( German “Allgemeine Kulturwissenschaft” ; Leipzig, 1854 - 1855 ). In addition, Klemm wrote “Handbuch der germ. Altertumskunde "(Dresden, 1835 ); "Italica" (Dresden, 1839 ); “Die Frauen” (Dresden, 1854 - 1858 ) and others.
Contribution
It is considered one of the creators of cultural evolutionism and at the same time racial theory (according to the influence on the contemporaries of his work “The General Cultural History of Mankind”, his role is compared with the role of Joseph Gobino ). Klemm first combined comparative ethnographic descriptions with racial theory, and began to explain the differences in the level of development of cultures of different peoples precisely with the various properties of different races. His evolutionary idea of culture influenced the "father of ethnography" E. Taylor .
About him
In Germany, Herder refused to use the “shameful word” “race” for a person. And even the first of the cultural historians of mankind,
Gustav Klemm, who used the classification of various biological species of man, still did not lose respect for the idea of mankind as a common reference point in his research.
- Hannah Arendt . "The origins of totalitarianism." M .: 1996, p. 252
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 10030396X // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.