Tarcin

• The demographic pyramid of the inhabitants of Tarchin in 2014 ^[2] .

• until the XVIII century - the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
• 1795–1807 - Prussia
• 1807-1815 - the Principality of Warsaw
• 1815-1918 - Russian Empire ( Kingdom of Poland ), Mazovian Province
• 1918—1939 - II Rzeczpospolita , , Grojecki County
• 1939-1945 - Third Reich , Governor-General , , Grojecki County
• 1945-1975 - Poland , (before the administrative reform of 1975)
• 1975–1998 - Poland / III Rzeczpospolita , Warsaw Voivodeship (after the administrative reform of 1975)
• From 1999 - III Rzeczpospolita, Masovian Voivodeship , Piaseča County

It was founded as a trading settlement with a church in the 13th century, at the intersection of roads that connected Radom to Zakrochim and Blonie and Chersk . The earliest mention of Tarchin dates back to 1259. In the 14th century, a parish was established ^{[6] [7]} .

City rights received in 1353 by the type of Magdeburg law , from the Mazovian prince Casimir ^[7] . Since 1404 it became the property of the church. In the XVI century, a school was organized at the church. In 1549 a shelter for the needy was founded ^[6] .

The city was badly damaged during the “ Swedish flood ” and during the fire of 1704 ^[7] .

After the suppression of the January Uprising , in 1870, Tarchin was deprived of these rights ^[7] , having received them again only from January 1, 2003, after 134 years ^[7] . In the same year he was transferred from the Gruetsky district to Pyasechinsky ^[8] .

In Tarczyn there is a church of the XVI century, the Church of St. Nicholas , built in the Gothic style . In 1898, a narrow-gauge railway was built , linking Tarczyn with Gruets and Warsaw , in 1953 the usual width of the railway to Skierniewitz . In the city there was the office of Perffetii van-melle, which produces, among other things, Mentos pills ^{[7] [9]} .

The name of Irena Sendler (1910–2008), who lived in the city during the interwar twentieth anniversary, which during the Second World War rescued about 2500 Jewish children from the Warsaw ghetto, was connected with Tarcin. Irena Sendler was awarded, among other things, the Order of the White Eagle , the title "Righteous Among the Nations of the World" and the Order of the Smile . She was a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize . In 2007, the Municipality of Tarcin granted Irena Sendler the honorary citizenship of the city of Tarcin ^[10] .

Jews in Tarchin began to settle in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries ^[11] . The development of the Jewish character of the town was facilitated by the settlement in it in the first half of the XIX century Israel Horowitz - the eldest son of Yitzhak Horowitz , a famous tzaddik called the "Seer from Lublin ". Izrael Horowitz took the office of rabbi in a growing kagala. During this period, probably, a kirkut was opened, located a short distance from the Catholic cemetery, as well as a synagogue ^[12] . The synagogue in Tarchino was located on the corner of Komornitskaya and Gruetskaya streets. It was built of red brick, one-story, with a sloping roof; built around 1845. The synagogue was demolished during World War II ^{[13] [14]} .

In 1867, 630 Jews lived in the town ^[11] .

In 1921, the Jews were 1,427 inhabitants of the town - out of 2,526 inhabitants in general. Political parties were active: Zionists , the Bund , Agudat Israel . The Union of small merchants and merchants acted. Most of the Jews were engaged in trade and craft. Several were owners of large enterprises. The Bornstein family belonged to the mill, and Walshtein owned the forge ^{[15] [12]} .

The number and percentage of the Jewish population in Tarchin ^[16] : 1808–126 (28.8%), 1825–186 (33%), 1827–207 (32.7%), 1850–192 (34.5%), 1857–630 (64.5%), 1921–1427 (56.5%), 1939–1650 (56.8%), 1940–1640

The Germans occupied Tarcin in September 1939 and immediately began to force local Jews to do hard labor. The Germans in Tarchin created a ghetto that was located on the territory of the so-called “Pig Row” on the eastern side of the Market. About 1,600 people were relocated to the ghetto - residents of Tarcin, as well as resettled from the surrounding villages. In Tarchin, the Jewish population of almost the entire Gruetsky district was concentrated. In mid-1940, another 60 refugees from various places were brought to Tarchin. In January 1941, groups from neighboring communes arrived. In total, there were about 1600–1650 people in the ghetto, used by the Germans in the regime of the working camp ^[17] . Also the so-called “Judenlager” (abbreviated “Julag”) was created. The Germans concluded about 80 Jewish artisans. The workers of this camp were used in the construction of the road Mschonuv - Tarcin - Piaseczno ^{[13] [18]} . On January 27, 1942, part of the residents of the ghetto was taken to Treblinka ^[17] . February 28, 1942 all remaining were also transferred to the Warsaw ghetto ^{[19] [20]} . All of them later died in the German Treblinka death camp ^[12] .

• Public Lyceum named after Irena Sendler, ul. priest Cheslav Oshkelya number 1 ^[21]
• The complex of educational institutions named after Gray Shereng, st. Gray Shereng number 8 ^{[22] [23]}
• Complex School and Grammar school named after Wojciech Gursky, st. A. and V. Gurskikh in Pyamatsy ^[24]
• Yulian Stempkovsky Public Primary School, ul. Julian Stempkovsky number 11 ^[25]

Through the city passes the international European route E77 ^[26] and Railway line No. 12 Lukow - Skierniewice ^{[27] [28]} . The existing station of the Pasechenskaya narrow-gauge railway is also located in Tarchin ^{[29] [30]} .

• Parish of St. Nicholas ( Tarchi dean's office )
• Jehovah's Witnesses ( Kingdom Hall ) ^[31] .

• Jerzy Golański. Z dziejów Tarczyna. - ROK w Tarczynie. - ISBN 83-308607-0-8 . .
• Jerzy Golański. W dawnym Tarczynie. - ATU. - ISBN 83-915521-0-1 . .
• Tariff Geoffrey Wigoder // Tarczyn // Geoffrey Wigoder, Geoffrey Wigoder, Geophrey Wigoder. - New York: NYU Press, 2001. - Vol. 3. - 1769 p. - ISBN 9780814793787 .
• Brustin-Berenstein T. Deportacje i zagłada skupisk żydowskich w dystrykcie warszawskim: [ polish ] // Biuletyn Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego w Warszawie. - 1952. - № 1. - S. tabela 3, s. ten.

• Official website of the municipality
• Tarczyn (Polish) in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic Countries , Volume XII (Szlurpkiszki - Warłynka) of 1892
• Urząd Miasta Tarczyn
• "Tacy byliśmy jeszcze wczoraj ...": ziemia tarczyńska na starej fotografii
• Tarczyn (Polish) . Wirtualny sztetl . Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich Polin. The appeal date is May 12, 2018.