Stamps Azad Hind - a series of non-mail , propaganda stamps of six different designs, made in Nazi Germany in 1943 for the Indian National Army Azad Hind (INA) Subhas Chandra Bose [1] .
| Stamps Azad Hind | |
|---|---|
 Stamps of five different tooth patterns. High denomination mark of 1 + 2 rupees not represented | |
| Type of | propaganda |
| Country of issue |  Third Reich for Azad Hind |
| Place of issue | Berlin |
| Publisher | |
| Painter | Werner and Maria von Akster-Hoydtlass |
| Printing method | photogravure |
| Date of issue | 1943 |
| Face value | 10 denominations |
| Feature | face value of 1 + 2 rupees printed in small print run |
| Circulation (copies) | 0.5-1 million copies of each face value |
Content
Description
Conceived by Subhas Chandra Bos, these stamps were developed by German artists Werner and Maria von Akster-Hoydtlass ( German Werner und Maria von Axster-Heudtlass ) [2] , who were the authors of drawings of many postage stamps in Germany from 1925 to 1949 [3 ] . In total, ten denominations of stamps were prepared, ordinary and with premiums, which had the following six original drawings:
- Indian Sikh soldier firing a German machine gun MG 34 : 1 + 1 anna .
- A plow and a peasant plowing a field in the background: ½ anna, 1 anna and 2 + 2 anna.
- Indian woman who spins the fabric on the spinning wheel : 2½ and 2½ + 2½ anna.
- Nurse caring for a wounded soldier: 3 + 3 annas.
- Broken chains on the background of the map of India: 8 + 12 ann and 12 ann + 1 rupee .
- Three INA soldiers - one clearly a Sikh, the other two, presumably an Indian and a Muslim - with the flag of Azad Hind: 1 + 2 rupees.
Production
All stamps were printed using photogravure in sheets of 100 each at the in Berlin . One million copies of lower denominations were made, and another half a million marks of higher denominations, with the exception of the 1 + 2 rupee denomination ( Mi #VII) , which was printed in three color options with a print run of only 13 500 pieces.
Each denomination was printed in one-color design, and brands of different denominations differed from each other in color. The brand picture with a face value of 1 + 2 rupees was conceived in multicolor. The full series includes several varieties of brand color in denominations of 1 + 2 rupees.
Cataloging
In the German Michel catalog of stamps, Azad Hind stamps are considered as semi -mail and postage stamps. First, seven semi-postage stamps ( Mi # I — VII) are listed with extra charges; however, an additional fee was in favor of the administration of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands , which were then under Japanese control. Next are three regular postage stamps without additional charge ( Mi # VIII — X) . Currently, a series of 21 grades is known, both with serration (10 × 12) and toothless [4] .
included these six original drawings of the never-received Azad Hind stamps in his commemorative book, The Struggle of India for Freedom on the Postage Stamps of India [5] .
See also
- Azad Hind
- Indian national army
- History of India Post and Postage Stamps
- Advocacy Philately
Notes
- ↑ Freeston A. The Azad Hind and Chalo Delhi Stamps of the Indian Legion and Indian National Army of Subhas Chandra Bose 1941-1945. - , New Zealand , 1999. - P. 9. (English)
- ↑ Friedman HA “Azad Hind” and “Chalo Delhi” Stamps. - Bombay , India : , 1972. - P. 12. (English)
- ↑ See images of the brands of these authors on Wikimedia Commons : Category: Von Axster-Heudtlass .
- ↑ Michel Deutschland-Spezial 1998. - Munich , Germany : Schwaneberger Verlag GmbH, 1988. (German)
- ↑ Footprints of history // The Hindu . - 2000. - 16 December. (Eng.) (Retrieved July 4, 2017) Archived July 4, 2017.
Literature
Links
- Chavez R. Indian Legion Stamps and Postal History . Introduction to Foreign Legion Stamps and Postal History . Axis and Foreign Volunteer Legion Military Awards & Postal History; foreignvolunteerlegion.com; Rene Chavez. Date of treatment July 4, 2017. Archived July 4, 2017.