Fortress Morne ( French: Forteresse de Mornas ) - a medieval fortress above the village of the same name in the French department of Vaucluse .
| Castle | |
| Morna Fortress | |
|---|---|
| fr. Forteresse de mornas | |
 | |
| A country |  France |
| Village | Morna |
| Established | XI century |
| Construction | XI century - XIV century |
Content
- 1 Antiquity
- 2 Middle Ages
- 3 Age of Religious Wars
- 4 Our time
- 5 Description
- 5.1 Location
- 5.2 Buildings
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
Antiquity
The history of the Morne rock is inextricably linked with the Rhone , which served as the boundary of the Gallic lands [1] . The rock was used to observe the river, navigation on which avoided more dangerous routes [2] .
Middle Ages
The fortress was first mentioned in the 9th century as Rupea Morenata , and was the property of the [3] , the Archbishop of Arles and the Counts of Toulouse . The settlement on the hill grew, the fortress ( castrum ) strengthened, being the heiress of the Roman settlement ( oppidum romanum ). The first fortifications may have been built of wood [4] .
Due to its important strategic position, the fortress has long been the subject of controversy between the Counts of Toulouse and the Archbishops of Arles. In 1209, after the Crusade against the Albigensians , Count Raimund VI , accused of sympathizing with heretics , was forced to leave many of his fortifications, including Morne, of the Catholic Church .
The Age of Religious Wars
Our time
The restoration of the fortress, which continues to this day, was started in 1977 under the auspices of the Friends of the Morne association [5] [6] . The ruins of the fortress were given the status of a historical monument of France on May 20, 1927 [7] .
Description
The fortress is located on top of a rocky cliff on the left bank of the river, forms a threshold in the Rhone Valley, forming a convenient natural observation point.
The fortress has a trapezoidal shape, the long side of which is facing west and the Rhone. Different parts are difficult to date due to a fairly uniform style of construction. The northern part of the cliff is occupied by the fortress itself. The entrance is protected by a barbican , then chicane, built in the XIV century , and supplemented by a casemate of the XV century [8] .
Place
View from the south
North view
Buildings
Aerial view 1
Aerial view 2
Aerial view 3
South east tower
View of a rocky cliff with a fortress from the main street of the village of Morna
Notes
- ↑ F. Feraud, Y. Alamercery, Archéologie en Languedoc , n ° 29, 2005
- ↑ F. Feraud, Y. Alamercery, Archéologie en Hérault Languedoc , 1, p. 150
- ↑ Jean-Maurice Rouquette, Provence Romane I: la Provence Rhodanienne , Zodiaque, 1980, p. 43
- ↑ Les Amis de Mornas, Mornas: Histoire d'une citadelle , p. four
- ↑ Les Amis de Mornas, Mornas: Histoire d'une citadelle , p. 17
- ↑ http://www.forteresse-de-mornas.com La forteresse de Mornas
- ↑ Base Mérimée PA00082089
- ↑ Les Amis de Mornas, Mornas: Histoire d'une citadelle p. eighteen
Literature
- Les Amis de Mornas, Mornas: Histoire d'une citadelle , éditeur Élan Sud, Orange.
- Jean-Maurice Rouquette, Provence Romane I: la Provence Rhodanienne , éditeur Zodiaque, Abbaye de la Pierre-Qui-Vire, 1980.