Ilawa (Poland)

The city is located at the southern end of the lake Jezorak (Ilavskoe Lakes), above the river Ilavka. The area of ​​the city is 21.88 km² (the third largest in the Warmia and Mazury region).

Ilava lies on wavy moraines and zandras , interspersed with various forms of relief. On Jeziorak Lake (the longest lake in Poland and the sixth in size) is Velká Жuława Island with the remains of an ancient Prussian settlement.

In the environs of the city, on sandwiches, there are lakes, mainly gutters, surrounded by large forests. In Ilava itself, besides Jeziorak, there are several smaller lakes (including Maly Jezorak, Ilavskoe, Dol). The lakes and rivers of the Ilavsky Lake District together with the Elbläg Canal form an extensive system of inland waterways. The channel allows you to swim from Ilawa to the Baltic Sea.

Founded in 1305 by the commander of Christ, Siegard von Schwarzburg. City rights granted diploma of Grand Master Luther of Brunswick in 1317. In the first quarter of the 14th century, apparently, an orderly single-winged castle was built in the southeast of the city.

At the time of the Teutonic Order, the residence of the Pfleger was subordinated to Ilawa, subordinated to the Christburg Comtat before 1340/41, and after that to the commander of Osterode isolated from his possessions.

During the thirteen - year war of 1454–1466, Czech mercenaries, who received the castle and the city as a pledge, wanted to sell them to the Polish king. The transfer was frustrated by the townspeople under the command of Captain Ulrich von Kinsberg and throughout the Toruń peace Deutsch-Eylau remained part of the Order State .

Grand Master Albrecht of Brandenburg in 1522 gave the city a pledge to Paul Fasolt. After the debt was repaid, Duke Albrecht sold the city along with the surrounding villages for 19,000 marks to the captain in Osterode and Libemule, Wolf von Creutsen. Ernst Fink von Finkenstein acquired ownership of this family in 1690, and in 1784 Karl Ludwig Alexander Count zu Don bought it.

In 1576 the city ordered the construction of a separate building for the church school. In 1706, a large city fire destroyed most of the houses and only the church survived, but not the town hall of the order times, which was then dismantled.

From 1719, a garrison stood in Deutsch-Eylau, which at times was quite strong. The soldiers were initially housed in the apartments of citizens and moved to the barracks only much later. Before the First World War, there were 3,000 troops stationed there. For them, in 1898-1899, artillery barracks were built, and in 1901-1902, the officer casino - now the House of Culture. Later, additional barracks were built. After the signing of the Versailles Treaty, they were mostly empty, because until 1932 the number of soldiers was limited to 700 people.

The oldest form of the name Ilava is the Latin Ylavia. That it is listed in the locale of 1317. In documents 1333 and 1334, it is changed to Ylav, and in 1338 it changes to Ylau. In the 15th century, the form Ylow or Ylow Thethonicalis appears. Documents drawn up by the commander of Christ in the years 1430 and 1438 speak of Deutschen Ylaw. In 1443, 1457 and 1458 the city is called Ylaw, in 1456 the name takes the form of Ilau, which in 1459 changes to Eylaw. In 1457, the name Deutze Eylau was used, and in 1468 its other form, Dwetsch Eylau. In the sixteenth — seventeenth centuries, it appears under the names Teutschen Eylau, Deutscheneylau, or Theuto Ilavia. From the XVIII century until 1945, Deutsch Eylau is called.

In 1945, after the transition to Poland, the name was changed to Iława.

The population of the city is given on December 31, 2017 .

• Immaculate Conception Catholic Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of 1933
• Church of the Transfiguration 1st half of the XIV century
• remains of the defensive walls of the 1st half of the 15th century
• late 19th century Town Hall
• administrative building of the former slaughterhouse of 1905 (Dombrovsky str., 11)
• 1905 railway station building
• stable and carriage yard of the end of the XIX century (Yan Sobessky St.)
• former building of the gas plant of 1899-1910 (Yagellonchik str.)
• presbytery of 1902–1903
• school of 1899
• House 1910 on the street. Kosciusko 6
• Apartment house XIX / XX century on the street. Kosciuszko, 14
• House of the 3rd quarter of the XIX century on the street. Kostyushko, 15
• apartment building with an extension of the early XX century on the street. Kostyushko, 27
• Apartment house around 1900 on the street. Independence, 4
• apartment building 4 quarter of the XIX century on the street. Independence, 4b
• city ​​hall of the end of the XIX century - 1920, now the cinema
• Villa of the late XIX century on the street. Ostrudskaya 2
• Villa 4 quarters of the XIX century on the street. Senkevich, 10
• administrative building of a water treatment plant in 1903
• the building of the former store of the Provisional Order before 1880
• water tower on the street. 1st of May
• water tower in front of the train station
• water tower on the street. Polish troops
• former water mill with owner's dwelling 1912
• the mill of the end of the XIX century, now - a warehouse building

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  Jeziorak Lake

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  Town Hall of Ilawa

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  Railway tracks in Ilawa

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  Railway station

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  Electric mill

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  Mill on the river Ilavets

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  Catholic church of the Transfiguration

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  House on the street. Kostyushko, 27

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  Centenary oak near the church

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  Birds on Jeziorak Lake

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  Gymnasium №1 on the street. Kostyushko 2

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  Catholic church of St. Albert

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  Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

• Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt: Kurzgefaßte Nachrichten von allen seit der Reformation an den lutherischen Kirchen in Ostpreußen gestandnen Predigern. Königsberg 1777, p. 495-497.
• Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen. Teil II: Topographie von West-Preussen, Marienwerder 1789, S. 9-10, Nr. 6
• August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, S. 435-436, Nr. 42
• Georg Gerullis: Die altpreußischen Ortsnamen. Geschichtlich und sprachlich behandelt. De Gruyter, Berlin ua 1922, S. 40.
• Erich Weise (Hrsg.): Handbuch der historischen Stätten. Band: Ost- und Westpreußen (= Kröners Taschenausgabe. Band 317). Unveränderter Nachdruck der 1. Auflage 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X .
• Maria Biolik: Zuflüsse zur Ostsee zwischen unterer Weichsel und Pregel. = Nazwy wodne dopływów Bałtyku między dolną Wisłą a Pregołą. Steiner-Verlag Wiesbaden, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-515-05521-5 , S. 12 (Hydronymia Europaea).
• Georg Hermanowski, Heinz Georg Podehl: Ostpreußen-Lexikon. Geographie, Geschichte, Kultur. Lizenzausgabe. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-186-4 .
• Rozalia Przybytek: Ortsnamen baltischer Herkunft im Südlichen Teil Ostpreußens. = Nazwy miejscowe pochodzenia bałtyckiego w południowej części Prus Wschodnich. Steiner, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-515-06449-4 , S. 86 (Hydronymia Europaea Sonderband 1).

• The official page of the city