Evgeny Mikhailovich Kulisher ( 1881 , Kiev , Russian Empire - April 2, 1956 , Washington , DC, USA ) - American lawyer , sociologist , specialist in demography , population migration and labor resources , expert in Russia.
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E. Kulisher belongs to the term “displaced person” [1] , which formed the basis of the concept of “ refugee ” [2] enshrined in the UNHCR Statute and the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees.
Holocaust researcher. One of the first to deal with the documentation of those killed during the Holocaust , as well as the subsequent resettlement of millions of Europeans after World War II.
Content
Biography
The son of a famous Russian historian, publicist M. I. Kulisher . The brother of economist I. M. Kulisher and lawyer A. M. Kulisher .
In 1899 he graduated from St. Anne's Grammar School in St. Petersburg . Until 1906 he studied law at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University . He was left at the university in the department of criminal law. In 1907, during a trip abroad, he studied the problems of alcoholism in terms of criminal law . In his writings on issues of Jewish law. Later, I read a number of reports on this issue (including “Jews and Alcohol”), published in the works of VIII Congrès pénitentiaire international (in French), the Russian Group of the International Criminalists Union , etc. Some of its articles appeared in “Russian Thought ”,“ Prava ”,“ Journal of the Ministry of Justice ”, and others. Since 1910 - Member of the Committee of the International Union of Criminalists .
Consisted of the Constitutional Democratic Party . He left Petrograd in April 1918 and spent two years in Kiev, where he became a university professor. During the Civil War, he was an opponent of Bolshevism and took part in the creation of the Jewish Committee for Assisting the Revival of Russia, an organization that emphatically declared loyalty to the Volunteer Army [3] .
From 1921 - in Germany, lectured on Russian law at the University of Berlin. After the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the Nazis came to power in 1933, he fled from Germany to Denmark. From 1936 he lived in Paris in France. In 1941, "illegally crossed the demarcation line between the occupied and unoccupied fascists territories of France" and went to the United States; his brother Alexander, "while crossing the demarcation line, was detained by the Peten gendarmerie and died in the Nazi concentration camp Gurs ."
In the USA, he worked as a consultant, employee of the International Labor Organization , in the Office of Strategic Services , the US Census Bureau, the US Department of the Army and the Library of Congress .
Scientific contribution
In 1932 he published a book, Kriegs- und Wanderzüge, written with his brother Alexander. Weltgeschichte als Völkerbewegung ”(“ Wars and Migration. World History as a Movement of Nations ”), which was an important contribution to world migrationology . The book is the first fully presented theory of migration, the beginning of which, long before their father put it, who devoted to the study of this topic for more than forty years. The father’s theory and the vast material accumulated by it formed the basis of the book of the Kulisher brothers, who enriched the study using numerous sources that appeared after the death of their father. The book’s materials were widely used by Fernand Braudel in his work “Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism”, where they serve as the basis for describing migrations in Eurasia in the XIV-XVIII centuries. For them, Braudel prepared two maps for his fundamental work.
Selected Works
- Psychology of testimony and judicial investigation (Vestnik Prava, 1904).
- Untersuchungen über das primitive Strafrecht "(in the XVI and XVII tt." Zeitschrift f. Vergleich. Rechtswissenschaft "for 1903 and 1904), which includes the application of the theory of" dualism of ethics "to the criminal law of various nations, including the Jews.
- Das Zeugnis von Hörensagen (in Grünhuts Zeitschrift f. Priv. U. Öff. Recht, 1906).
- Prosecution of officials (Moscow, 1906)
- City and local police in some Western European countries (St. Petersburg, 1909).
- Kriegs- und Wanderzüge. Weltgeschichte als Völkerbewegung. Berlin / Leipzig 1932. In collaboration with Alexander Kulisher.
- The Displacement of Population in Europe. Montreal 1943.
- Europe on the Move: War and Population Changes, 1917-1947. New York 1948.
Literature
- Milyukov, P. N. A New Explanation of the Course of World History Demographic Review. Volume 2, Number 2, 2015.
- Mark Tolts Contribution of the Kulisher family to world migrationology Demoscope
Notes
- ↑ [1] The Displacement Of Population In Europe, Eugene. M
- ↑ Dictionary of modern Russian vocabulary / ed. VG Polonnikova - Smolensk, 1994.
- ↑ Mark Tolts Author of the term "displaced persons": Evgeny Mikhailovich Kulisher (1881-1956) Demoscope
Links
- Kulisher, Evgeny Mikhailovich // The Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. 1908-1913.
- Kulisher Evgeny Mikhailovich