The fungus is ordinary , or the Phallus is immodest , or the Smelly Morel , or the gouty Morel ( lat. Phallus impudicus ) - a mushroom - Gasteromycetes of the order Veselkovye, or Phallus ( Phallales ).
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| Phallus impudicus L. , 1753 |
Popular names:
- "upstart"
- “Damn egg”, “witch’s egg”
- “Shameful”
- English stinkhorn
The appearance of the fungus determined the etymology of its Russian, Latin and English names.
Content
Description
Veselka - hat mushroom 10-30 cm high.
Young fruiting body is ovoid, up to 6 cm in diameter, white mycelial cord is visible at the base
The peridium (shell) is leathery, smooth, white or creamy, the immature pulp is gelatinous, with a rare smell. When ripening, the peridium breaks into two or three lobes and has the form of a Volvo .
The sprouted (mature) fruit body consists of a pedicle-shaped receptacle of a cylindrical shape, hollow, with spongy walls, white or yellow in size, 12–22 × 2–4 cm in size. At the top of the receptacle is a bell-shaped hat 4–5 cm high, with a cellular surface, covered with mucous dark olive gleb . At the top of the cap there is a tight disk with a hole. The ripe mushroom has a strong unpleasant smell of rotting residues or carrion.
In the literature, there is evidence that the growth rate of common fungus is one of the highest growth rates in nature and can reach 5 mm per minute. This indicator exceeds the growth rate of bamboo , which is often cited as a textbook example of the absolute achievement of the growth rate in the plant world [1] [2] .
Spore powder is yellowish, spores 3.5-5 × 1.5-2 microns, ellipsoid-cylindrical, smooth.
Ecology and distribution
It can be saprophyte or forms mycorrhiza with oak , beech , some shrubs.
Spores are spread by flies and other insects attracted by the smell of the fungus.
It is found everywhere, especially often in deciduous forests , prefers humus-rich soils . Distributed in Europe , the Caucasus , Siberia , the Far East .
Fruit bodies appear singly or in groups.
Season from May to October.
Similar Views
Veselka Adriana It differs by a pink-violet color of peridium (egg shell), and also, unlike P.impudicus, has a rather pleasant yeast smell when ripe. It is edible both in the egg stage and after its opening.
Nutritional qualities
The fungus is edible both in prenatal age (in the form of an egg) and just sprouted, it is considered delicious. In France, it is used raw, like radish . After complete germination, after some time (several hours, a day), the mushroom is not recommended for use, since the processes of decay and natural decomposition are started.
Healing properties
In folk medicine , water and alcohol tinctures from fresh or dried fruit bodies were used. Vodka tincture was used for “abdominal pain”, washed the wounds with it, and gout and renal diseases were treated with the help of the oars [3] .
Under the name "earth oil" is used for gout , rheumatism , some diseases of the stomach.
Legends and beliefs
The specific form of the fungus and the change in smell during growth caused interest in people.
The Witch's Egg was considered the best way to arouse a feeling of love, and a mature mushroom was considered poisonous .
Security Measures
Species Fallus indiscreet is listed in the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Belyakova A.G. Botanyː in 4 tons. Algae and mushroomsː textbook for students. higher textbook. institutions. - M .: Publishing House Center "Academy", 2006. - T. 1. - S. 295. - 320 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-7695-2731-5 .
- ↑ Golovkin B.N. The most-most ... ː Stories about the records of the plant world. - M: Kolos, 1982. - S. 105-106. - 127 p. - 60,000 copies.
- ↑ Nikolaev, V. G. Materials for the study of medicinal plants of traditional medicine of Belarus. Abstract. Cand. diss. - Minsk, 1964.
- ↑ RESOLUTION of the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region dated February 18, 2008 No. 113-PP . Regional legislation. Date of treatment March 6, 2011. Archived February 24, 2012.
Literature
- Reference book: Mushrooms / Resp. for the release of Yu. G. Khatskevich. - Mn. : “Harvest”, 2002. - S. 300. - 7000 copies. - ISBN 985-13-0913-3 .
- Udu J. Mushrooms. Encyclopedia = Le grand livre des Champignons / transl. with fr. - M .: "Astrel", "AST", 2003. - S. 132. - ISBN 5-271-05827-1 .