Maximum Oxygen Consumption (MOC) ( VO 2 max - maximal oxygen consumption) is the largest amount of oxygen, expressed in milliliters, that a person is able to consume within 1 minute. It is a criterion of aerobic power . It is believed that the IPC is the factor influencing and limiting the performance in cyclic sports [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] .
Content
History
The British physiologist Archibald Hill first introduced the concept of maximum absorption of oxygen and oxygen debt in 1922. Hill and the German doctor Otto Meyerhoff divided the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine of 1922 for work related to muscle metabolism [6] . Based on these studies, scientists began to measure oxygen consumption during workouts. Henry Taylor at the University of Minnesota, Scandinavian scientists Per-Olof Astrand and Bengt Saltin in the 1950s and 60s, the Harvard Fatigue Research Laboratory, German Universities, the Copenhagen Center for Muscle Research, etc., made a notable contribution.
Relationship with cardiovascular diseases and longevity
VO 2 max is widely used as an assessment of the functional parameters of the cardiorespiratory system. In 2016, the American Heart Association (American Heart Association, AHA) issued a statement recommending a regular evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quantified as VO 2 max, and used as a clinical indicator of vital activity. This statement was based on growing evidence that lower levels of fitness are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality and death rates from various types of cancer. In addition to the risk assessment, the AHA recommendation indicates the suitability of VO 2 max for prescribing exercise, counseling on physical activity and general patient management.
Unit of Measure
BMD is expressed either as an absolute rate in (for example) liters of oxygen per minute (l / min), or as a relative speed in (for example) milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (for example, ml / (kg · min)). The latter expression is often used to compare endurance performance in athletes.
Measurement
Accurate measurement of the IPC occurs with sufficient physical activity for the duration and intensity, to fully activate the aerobic energy system. In general, the clinical and sports testing includes a phased load test (on a treadmill or on an ergometer ), in which the exercise intensity gradually increases, while measuring:
- ventilation and
- concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the inhaled and exhaled air.
The maximum VO2 is reached when oxygen consumption remains constant, despite an increase in workload.
Factors Affecting IPC
Physical Levels
| Level physical condition | The magnitude of the IPC (ml / min / kg) | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 20-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-59 | 60-69 | ||
| 1. Low | one 2 3 | 38 25 32 | 34 25 thirty | thirty 25 27 | 25 25 23 | 21 - 20 |
| 2. Below average | one 2 3 | 39-43 25-33 32-37 | 35-37 25-30 30-35 | 31-35 25-26 27-31 | 26-31 26 23-28 | 22-26 - 20-26 |
| 3. Medium | one 2 3 | 44-51 34-42 38-44 | 40-47 30-39 36-42 | 36-43 26-35 32-39 | 32-39 25-33 29-36 | 27-35 - 27-32 |
| 4. Above average | one 2 3 | 52-56 42-51 45-52 | 48-51 39-48 43-50 | 44-47 35-45 40-47 | 40-43 34-43 37-45 | 36-39 - 33-43 |
| 5. High | one 2 3 | 57 52 52 | 52 48 50 | 48 45 47 | 44 43 45 | 40 - 43 |
Note: Assessment of the IPC according to various studies: 1 - Astrand, 1970; 2 - Cooper, 1979 [7] ; 3 - V.L.Karpman, 1988.
Athletes with a high IPC
Men [8] [9] :
| Name | Kind of sport | Ipc |
| Oscar Svendsen | Cycling | 97.5 |
| Espen Harald Bjerke | Ski race | 96.0 |
| Bjorn Delhi | Ski race | 96.0 |
| Kurt Asle Arvisen | Bicycle race | 93.0 |
| Greg Lemond | Bicycle race | 92.5 |
| Mat Carpenter | Run | 92.0 |
| Tore Ruud Hovstad | Ski race | 92.0 |
| Gunde Swan | Ski race | 91.0 |
| Harri kirvesniemi | Ski race | 91.0 |
| Kilian Jornet | Super long running | 89.5 |
| Miguel Indurain | Bicycle race | 88.0 |
| Anders Oakland | Ski race | 88.0 |
| Marius bakken | Run | 87.4 |
| John Anders Gaustad | Ski race | 87.0 |
| Edward Boasson Hagen | Bicycle race | 86.4 |
| Thor Hushovd | Bicycle race | 86.0 |
| Ole Einar Bjoerndalen | Biathlon | 86.0 |
| David Bedford | Run | 85.0 |
| John Ngugi | Run | 85.0 |
| Chris Froome | Bicycle race | 84.6 |
| Steve Prefontaine | Run | 84.4 |
| Lance armstrong | Bicycle race | 84.0 |
| Mark Valters | Bicycle race | 83.5 |
| Jens Arne Swartedal | Ski race | 83.0 |
| Harry tuttle | Run | 82.7 |
| Kipchy Keino | Run | 82.0 |
| Craig virgin | Run | 81.1 |
| Jim ryan | Run | 81.0 |
| Stephen Scott | Run | 80.1 |
Women:
| Name | Kind of sport | Ipc |
| Joan benoit | Run | 78.6 |
| Bente scari | Ski race | 76.6 |
| Flavia Oliveira | Bicycle race | 76.0 |
| Charlotte Calla | Ski race | 74 |
| Marit Bjorgen | Ski race | 72 |
| Toini Rönlund | Ski race | 72 |
| Ingrid Christiansen | Run | 71.2 |
| Rosa Mota | Run | 67.2 |
See also
- Anaerobic threshold (AnP)
- Cooper's test
- Periodization (sport)
Notes
- ↑ Lysenko, Elena Nikolaevna. Prediction of physical performance and reactions of the cardiorespiratory system under aerobic loads in high-class athletes // Journal of Sports Science. - 2013-01-01. - Vol. 4 - ISSN 1998-0833 .
- ↑ Kvashuk, Pavel Valentinovich, Verlin, S. V., Semaeva, G. N. Criteria for assessing the functional status of rowers in highly qualified kayaks // Bulletin of sport science. - 2008-01-01. - Vol. 4 - ISSN 1998-0833 .
- ↑ Mikhalev, Vladimir Ivanovich, Koryagina, Yulia Vladislavovna, Antipova, Olga Sergeevna, Aikin, Vladimir Anatolyevich, Sukhinin, Evgeny Mikhailovich. Special performance skiers racers: current trends (based on foreign literature) // Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgaft - 2015-01-01. - Vol. 4 (122) . - ISSN 1994-4683 .
- ↑ Shirkovets, Evgeny Arkadyevich. Dynamics of bioenergy indicators when working at the level of maximum oxygen consumption // Bulletin of sports science. - 2014-01-01. - Vol. 2 - ISSN 1998-0833 .
- ↑ Lydiard A., Gilmore G. Running with Lydiard. - M .: Mann, Ivanov and Ferber, 2018. - 352 p.
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 (Eng .) ? . NobelPrize.org. The appeal date is February 16, 2019.
- ↑ Kenneth H. Cooper. The new aerobics . - Bantam Books, 1970-01-01. - 156 s. - ISBN 9780553079074 .
- ↑ VO2 max World Records . www.topendsports.com. The appeal date is August 25, 2016.
- ↑ Sergey Ivanov. The best values of the IPC recorded among athletes for endurance (January 11, 2016). The appeal date is August 29, 2016.