Taccola ( Italian. Taccola , with Italian. - " Galka "; present name is Mariano di Jacopo ; , - ) - Italian polymate , best known as an artist and theoretical engineer of the early Renaissance . It is to his pen that the first sectional illustrations known to us belong. The works of Taccola were widely copied and studied by artists and engineers of the later Renaissance, including Francesco di Giorgio and, possibly, Leonardo da Vinci .
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Biography
Mariano di Jacopo was born in 1382 (or 1381) in Siena . Virtually nothing is known about his childhood and youth, about his studies and education. Already as an adult, he worked in his hometown in various fields: he was a notary, a secretary at the university, a sculptor, a road manager, a hydraulic engineer. In the late 1440s, Takkola retired from official positions and began to receive a pension from the state, devoting himself entirely to his favorite hobby: the theoretical design of various mechanisms and drawing. Taccola died about 1453 (1458? [2] ) years.
Works
We have reached two large treatises Takkoly. The first is “On Engines”, consisting of four books that the scientist wrote from 1419 to 1433, and corrected and supplemented the illustrations until 1449. In the same year of 1449, the second treatise, On Machines, was published, in which Taccol basically developed and supplemented the mechanisms described by him in his first work.
Using ink and paper, Taccola created skilful mechanisms from the field of hydraulics , mill and military affairs, and paid much attention to load-lifting cranes and systems of double-sided gear wheels . Interestingly, Taccola was extremely inept at using the , although it is known that he advised the “father of linear perspective,” the great sculptor Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-14446).
Over the centuries, the name of Taccola was almost forgotten, since his works remained only in single handwritten versions, but in the 1960s his manuscripts were “rediscovered” in the libraries of Munich and Florence , and soon about “Engines” and “About machines »First saw the light in print.
Engine mounted on horse, approx. 1430.
The first European image of the piston , approx. 1450.
Perpetuum mobile [3] and military vehicles
Cars
Boat, 1449.
Vitruvian Man
See also
- Siena School of Painting
- Renaissance technology
Notes
- 2 1 2 3 4 The Stuttgart Database of Scientific Illustrators 1450–1950
- ↑ Vladimir Tuchkov. Air cyclists - Fly like a bird (rus.) On the site vokrugsveta.ru , June 13, 2007
- ↑ This music will be eternal ... (rus.) On the site nnm.me
Literature
- Lawrence Fane. “The Invented World of Mariano Taccola”, No. 2, 2003, pp. 135-143
- Lon R. Shelby. Mariano Taccola and His Books on Engines and Machines, No. 3, July 1975, pp. 466–475
Links
- Online exhibition of drawings Taccola (English) (ital.)