Biysk tram

The tram was built in the city since 1958 and was put into operation on June 13, 1960 . The first tramway "Western Ring - Mayakovskaya" was only 10.6 km long. According to the plans for the construction of the city tram, by November 1, 1961, the tramline was supposed to reach the Prodmash plant. By the beginning of 1964, the main construction work on the second line of the 5.6 km long tram was completed. In 1965, work began on the construction of a tramway to the urban area "Zarechie" ^[1] .

Historical rolling stock:

• Tram trains KTM-1 / KTP-1 (from 1960 to 1972);
• Tram trains MS / PS (1960 to 1965);
• Tram trains KTM-2 / KTP-2 (from 1963 to 1974).

The rolling stock was previously represented exclusively by the wagons produced by the Ust-Katavsky Carriage Building Plant - KTM-5M3 (71-605), a newer version of the KTM-5A, and also purchased in the 1990s - 71-608К and 71-608КМ (previously operated in Barnaul ).

In 2004, there is a tram-cafe, especially popular in the evening and at night. There were tables with chairs, curtains, a bar, and waitress serviced visitors. The tram was operated by a company independent of the tram management. He worked the tram cafe until 2006.

The results of the passenger traffic survey in November 2006 showed that the tram is a demanded type of passenger transport: on weekdays the traffic volume was 77,807 passengers, at the weekend - 52,000 people ^[2] .

The volume of traffic in 2006 amounted to 21.2 million passengers [1] , that is, about 30 thousand residents of Biisk use the tram every day (the total population of the city is about 230 thousand).

At the beginning of 2008, MUE Tram Administration, using its production base, completed a comprehensive modernization of the tram car 71-605 .

On the night of February 17, 2010, a new tram with the inscription “To the citizens of the Altai Territory Governor” set off on the M-52 highway from Barnaul to Biysk ^[3] .

At the end of December 2010, 2 Tatra TB4D cars were brought from Barnaul, which were modernized at KAU Altayelectrotrans. As of 2011, they are working on the line. In October 2011, another 2 such cars were brought. Further replenishment of the fleet of Tatra B3DM cars upgraded at OJSC Altai Electric Transport Company is expected.

In 2011, the fleet was replenished with 4 Tatra TB4D wagons , previously operated in Germany. In 2012, a Tatra B3DM tram arrived at Biysk, modernized by Altai Electric Transport Company. As of 2016, TATRA trams in Biysk were not exploited due to constant technical problems with the new equipment installed during the modernization. Old trams passed CWR and CP for several cars a year. In 2017, we managed to overcome the problems of Tatra wagons and they returned to the line.

On June 4, 2019, the decision of the Arbitration Court of the Altai Territory MUP Tramway Management was declared bankrupt. The next day, on the basis of this enterprise and the “City Dispatching Center,” the enterprise MUE “Biysk urban transport” was created ^[4] .

In Biysk, an atypical route designation system was used for cities of Russia and the CIS. This is due to the peculiarities of the track network and passenger traffic. The route is denoted by a number and a modifier letter. The number denotes the terminal station and the baseline corridor in the north-eastern part of the city, and the letter - the corridor in the south-western part. So, routes 1, 2, 4 with letter A go through the streets of Socialist and Kutuzov (sleeping areas and garden partnerships), and routes without a letter go through the industrial zone of the plants "Reinforced concrete", "Altai broiler", "Sibpribormash". Routes 3 and 5 with the letter A in the southwestern part of the city go clockwise along the ring of lines around the Sibpribormash plant and are aimed at delivering workers to this plant in the morning. Routes 3 and 5B go on this ring counterclockwise and are aimed at delivering workers in the evening from the factory to the sleeping areas. Routes 3K and 7K run at inter-peak time and turn around on the Sadovaya ring without entering the industrial zone.

Canceled Marshuts

• 1 to. Timber Mill - Gilev-Mayakovsky - Exhibition Hall - Garden Ring * (Worked after entering the Garden Ring, now does not work)
• 5k Flax Factory - Gilev-Mayakovsky - Exhibition Hall - Kutuzov - Garden Ring * (Worked after entering the Garden Ring, now does not work)
• 8. (until 1999) - Timber Mill - Kutuzov - South

* - Routes with the letter “K” are displayed on electronic route indicators with the letter “C”

The Biysk tram has a long, but practically non-branched road network. The numbering of the track network sections (spans) is made in accordance with the current state of the system and does not reflect the chronology of their commissioning.

Driving number 1

The stage No. 1 passes from the final stop “Western Ring” to the node at the stop “Yuzhnaya”. From the node at the stop "South" are two hauls. The plot was built in 1960. Driving passes through the industrial zone in the western part of the city through the streets of the Industrial Zone of Boz and Polieks. Before the collapse of the Biysk defense industry in the early 1990s, this section accounted for the main passenger traffic. Currently, passenger traffic here has decreased significantly. All stops on this site are exclusively on demand. In the evening (after 21 hours) the movement here stops altogether.

Features

• on the stretch there is a deaf intersection with departmental railway lines of FSUE Federal Research and Production Center “Altai” (in 2002 there was an accident - the train followed at low speed “rammed” wagon number 204. There were no casualties).
• stage is laid on a very rough terrain (popularly called “roller coaster”);
• on this stage, trams develop a maximum speed of 65 km / h according to the rules of technical operation.
• on the stretch there is only one intersection with the road and only two intersections with the entrances to the enterprises.

Transit Stops (from the Western Ring to the South)

• Western Ring
• Timber handling
• Biysk Oleum Plant
• CHP
• Biyskenergo
• Country house
• Mountain.

Driving number 2

The stage No. 2 from the junction at the Yuzhnaya stop to the tram control passing through the Lesnaya stop. Driving built in 1960. The stage passes through the industrial zone between the Polieks and Sibpribormash enterprises along the streets of Heidekstraße , Lesnoy, and Vasilyev.

Features

• In one place, the stage passes under the railway overpass, built before the start of the tramway. One of the supports of the overpass is exactly halfway between the tram tracks. Tram tracks bypass this support along small-radius curves, which causes unpleasant overloads for passengers.
• Adjacent to this stage is the track depot system.

Stops stops (from South to Forest)

• South
• Factory
• Labor
• Sibpribormash
• Forest.

Driving number 3

The stage No. 3 from the junction at the Yuzhnaya stop to the tram control passing through the Kutuzov stop. Driving built in 1980. Driving passes on the street. Kutuzov and Socialist Street.

In November 2008, a circling ring was erected on the stretch near the Sadovaya stop. The ring is intended for turning the rolling stock at inter-peak time, thereby excluding practically empty flights until the stopping of the Western Ring.

Features

• Trams can exit the depot at this haul, but there is no entrance to the depot from this haul.

Near the tram depot, stretches No. 2 and No. 3 intersect, but the exit from one span to another is impossible.

Transit Stops (from South to Socialist)

• Sadovaya
• Kutuzov
• Youth
• DC Builders
• Socialist.

Driving number 4

Driving built in 1960. Passes from the tram control to Mayakovsky stop, passing on the street. Vasiliev and Martyanov. The route is laid on busy streets with a large number of intersections, which complicates the movement of trams and often leads to accidents. The paths are laid on a small mound (10-20 cm) and thus separated from the road. The stage passes mainly through multi-storey buildings (the whole Vasilyev and Martyanov Street (from Vasilyev to Udarnaya), but there is a small section running through the private sector (from Udarnaya St. to Mayakovsky St.)

Transit Stops (from Tramway Administration to Mayakovsky)

• Tram control (1 plot)
• DK Chemist (Children's World)
• Showroom
• Meat Processing Plant (Priobye Shopping Center)
• Institute of Technology
• Novosibirsk
• Mayakovsky.

Driving number 5

Peregon No. 5 from the tram station to the Mayakovsky stop, passing along Sotsialisticheskaya St., Udarnaya St. and st. Mayakovsky. Driving built in 1980.

Stops stops (from Vasilyev to Mayakovsky)

• Vasiliev
• DOCK
• Industrial
• Progress Stadium
• North Lane

Driving number 6

The stage No. 6 from Mayakovsky’s stop to Gilyov’s stop. The longest stage in Biysk. Driving built in 1963. It passes through two overpasses: one over Trofimov Street , the second over Krasnoarmeiskaya Street. Driving passes through the streets of Martyanov, Merlin, Krasnoarmeyskaya, Mukhachev. At the final stop Kommunarsky there is a circulating ring. To stop Sawmill trams follow without going to this ring.

Stops of the haul (from Gilyov to Mayakovsky)

• Gilyova
• House of Soviets
• Central hotel
• Tobacco factory
• University
• Railway station
• TC "Modny"
• Association "East"
• Boiler plant
• Mayakovsky.

Driving number 7

Haul No. 7 from the Kommunarsky stop to the Sawmill. Driving built in 1970. Passes through the streets of Mukhachev, Lenin, Leo Tolstoy; Fomchenko lanes, brook and herd.

Transit Stops (from Gilyov to Sawmill)

• Gileva
• Moprovsky
• Kirova (Altaivitamins)
• Fomchenko
• Tract
• Blacksmith
• Knitting Factory
• Timber mill

Driving number 8

The stage 8 from the Kommunarsky stop to the linen factory . This stage is the only one in the left bank of the city. Fully built in 1970 year. Passes through the streets of Mukhachev, Shishkov, Krasilnikov, Lermontov, Flax Factory; Kommunarsky, Sverdlovsky, Spinnyl lanes. The stage ends with a double-track at the “Flax Factory” stop. There is an auxiliary revolving ring at the Sverdlovsk bus stop, which is not used for route traffic (the ring is used to turn special wagons and 1 flight is made in the morning).

The features of the haul should include single-track traffic through the Communal Bridge , which was made in 1992 during the reconstruction of the roadway of the bridge in order to expand it. In 1995-2002, due to the emergency state of the bridge, the movement of trams along it was restricted. In this regard, paired wagons 71-605 coupled with "tails" went to the left bank. This allowed the turnover of trains at the congress at the bridge. In 2002, after major overhaul of the bridge, the tram traffic on it was resumed. At present, the overhaul of the track has been completed in the right-bank part of the route. In the left bank part, the path is still in very poor condition.

Stops of the haul (from Gilev to the linen factory)

• Gilyova
• Theatrical
• Bridge
• Komsomolskaya Square (School 6)
• Cinema October (October)
• Moscow
• Sverdlovsk
• Gogol
• Baikal
• Ulalinsky
• Happy
• 15th Guards Cavalry Division (Steppe)
• Shuttle
• Flax Factory

The tram network is powered by 7 traction substations located at the bus stops: “Timber Handling”, “Trudovaya”, “Mayakovsky”, “Tobacco Factory”, “Altaivitamins”, “Sverdlovskiy” and in the depot area. The 8th traction substation at the stop "Boiler Plant" - is suspended. Substation number 2 on the stop. “Labor” at the beginning of 2012 does not work, since there is no place to get power from it.

The tramway has one depot. The depot has a building for daily inspection of cars (2 ditches 120 meters long), a building for maintenance and repair of cars (6 ditches, with a capacity of 4 cars each), repair shops, paint shop.

The depot is carried out both planned and overhaul cars.

Parking for cars has 15 ways ("fans"), one of which is a dead end. Two ways are used to place canned and decommissioned wagons. Special wagons usually stand at the end of a dead-end road, but during the period of their intensive use they are placed on the main tracks.

On the territory of the depot there is a ring for turning cars.

For emergency repair of cars on the line at the depot there are four brigades equipped with a special car.

Routing rolling stock As of January 2019, the rolling stock includes the following cars:

There are 8 two-car trains from cars 71-605.

Special rolling stock

• 2 snow plows from Voronezh,
• 2 “Whirlwind” snow plows, made on the basis of outdated wagons 71-605 (No. 15 and No. 20),
• 1 car of control of the contact network, made on the basis of 71-605 (No. 34),
• 1 car with a tower for maintenance of the contact network (based on 71-605, No. 35),
• 1 rail transporter (based on 71-605, No. 143),
• 1 crushed stone conveyor (on the base 71-605, No. 107),
• 1 dosing hopper for rubble (based on 71-605, No. 214).

In Biysk, cars are not fixed on the routes. The schedule is such that the car can move from one route to another during the day. The timetable is maintained with sufficiently high accuracy (the error is less than 1 minute). At the stopping points for informing passengers, there are shields installed, on which the time of arrival of the tram is indicated to the nearest minute.

The safety of the tram traffic in Biisk has always been given due attention, even in the most difficult for the tram system of the 90s. All cars regularly undergo routine inspections and maintenance. Pre-trip and post-trip medical control of drivers is organized and carried out. The raids of the control and auditing service are carried out periodically, during which (obscurely or secretly) the compliance of drivers with the rules of the road traffic and the rules of car operation is checked. Annually competitions of professional skills of drivers are held.

It should be noted that in the entire history of the tram system in Biisk serious accidents and accidents caused by employees of the company did not occur.

Capital construction of the tram tracks in Biisk has not been carried out since 1980. At the same time, from the 1980s, the development prospects of the tram in Biisk were discussed:

• In 1983, in connection with the adoption of the next town-planning plan, a technical assignment was issued for the design of a tramway line, passing through the Green Wedge area under construction at that time from the Teatralnaya stop to the Meat Processing Plant.
• In 1987, a feasibility study of the expansion of the tram network in the left-bank part of the city was carried out, as a result of which the economic inexpediency of such a project was shown.
• In 2006–2007, interest in laying a tramway through the “Green Wedge” area re-emerged due to the start of mass building in this area. The main obstacle at present is the railway crossing at the intersection of Trofimova Street and Vasilyeva Street. It is not possible to cross the tram tracks and the railway at the same level. The construction of the overpass is also impossible due to the peculiarity of the terrain.
• In 2009, the city adopted a new urban development plan, providing for the preservation of all existing tram tracks and the construction of a new section through the Green Wedge microdistrict.

As of January 2019, the tram system is stable. The track facilities and the contact network in the right bank are in good condition, which allows the cars to develop fairly high speeds and use pantographs and even semi-pantographs. In the left bank, the state of the infrastructure is worse; however, route number 5 and its options are working and are in quite good demand.

Nevertheless, problems with the tram economy are:

• In past years, MUE Tram Management has accumulated large debts on electricity payments and tax deductions, and for this reason is in a pre-bankrupt state. At the level of the city and regional authorities, this issue was actively discussed in 2017–2018, however, the directions for overcoming the crisis are not yet visible.
• Since the rolling stock in Biysk is quite old, but at the same time, unlike many other cities, in the 1990s – 2010s it was very actively used (the production of cars on the line was high even in the most difficult years) 2018 is already very high. Part of this problem could be solved by CWR at the depot, but by about 2015 it was difficult to do because the critical and critical spare parts for KTM-5M3 (for example, truck beams, traction motors, rheostat controllers) have not been produced for a long time.
• As part of the rolling stock renewal program, Biysk received 6 Tatra cars from the administration of the Altai Territory, which passed CWR with modernization at the Altayelektrotrans enterprise. However, the quality of execution of the modernized units turned out to be low, and besides, there is no equipment in the Biysk depot for carrying out operations to repair such cars. As a result, these are often idle.
• The tram network does not cover the most densely populated area of ​​the city (Green Wedge) and the areas of new buildings of the 2000s - 2010s (within the boundaries of Kutuzov, Matrosov, Lomonosov, Pugachev streets). And also does not cover the suburban area the village of Sorokino where the bus number 50 goes is in good demand

• The official website of MUE Biysk "Tram Management"
• Page about tram in Biysk
• Website dedicated to the Biysk tram