Feoktistov, Konstantin Petrovich

He participated in the Great Patriotic War : he fled to the front during the evacuation of Voronezh, occupied by the Germans, and was an intelligence officer of the military unit. During the mission in Voronezh, he was captured by a German patrol and miraculously survived after being shot ^[5] .

In 1943 he graduated from evacuation school in Kokand , and then entered the Bauman MVTU

In the book “On spacecraft”, Feoktistov describes his decision to do rocket science this way: “I was about nine years old when my elder brother Boris brought home the book“ Interplanetary Flights ”by Y. Perelman ... I read this book, and as a result, in the tenth year of my life, it was hard solution: I’ll grow big, take care of the creation of spaceships ” ^[6]

After graduating from the Moscow Technical University in 1949, he began working at a research institute together with Mikhail Tikhonravov, designer in the field of rocket science. Subsequently, he worked with him in the Special Design Bureau No. 1 together with Sergey Korolev (now RSC Energia ). Feoktistov participated in the development of the first artificial Earth satellite , supervised the design of the Vostok spacecraft and was the leading developer of the Soyuz , Soyuz T , Soyuz TM , Progress , Progress-M , and Salyut orbital stations "And" World ".

In 1964, he became the first civilian cosmonaut in the world and the only non-partisan in the history of Soviet cosmonautics who made a space flight ^[7] . He was part of the first group crew (together with Komarov and Egorov ), who made a flight on the first device of the new Voskhod series on October 12–13, 1964 (for the first time - without spacesuits).

He taught at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University ^[8] .

Of all the Soviet cosmonauts, only three were born before Feoktistov - Georgy Beregovoi ( 1921 - 1995 ), Pavel Belyaev ( 1925 - 1970 ) and Lev Demin ( January 11, 1926 - December 18, 1998 ). Thus, the last 11 years of life of Feoktistov was the oldest living Soviet cosmonaut.

He died on November 21, 2009 in Moscow at the 84th year of his life, and was buried on November 25, 2009 at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow.

In 1964, he began training for flight on the first multi-seat ship, not being formally a member of the cosmonaut corps, an order to enroll him in the corps appeared only in 1968 ^[9] . He made his only flight on October 12–13, 1964 on the multi-seat ship Voskhod , in the development of which he himself took part. Together with him, the flight was commanded by the pilot-cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov and physician-cosmonaut Boris Egorov . In space "Sunrise" was a day and 17 minutes, circling the globe 16 times during this time. On board, all three participants in the flight were generally motionless, because the tightness did not allow any action at all. For the first time, space flight took place without spacesuits - in the cockpit of a spacecraft, three cosmonauts in spacesuits could not physically be accommodated. After the flight, Feoktistov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the awarding of the Order of Lenin. It is noteworthy that despite the short duration of the flight, the astronauts started under Khrushchev , and reported the results of the flight to Brezhnev , since the day after their landing Khrushchev was removed at the October plenum of the CPSU Central Committee.

In the future, Feoktistova repeatedly and persistently was offered to fly Vasily Mishin , who replaced Korolev as chief designer, but the military (mainly responsible for the training of astronauts and manned space missions from the Air Force) Nikolai Kamanin opposed his candidacy - not least because for contraindications for health. From May to October 1980, Feoktistov was trained as an astronaut-researcher of the main crew of the Soyuz T-3 spacecraft together with Leonid Kizim and Oleg Makarov . The crew's task was to repair the temperature control system of the Salyut-6 station. However, in October 1980, by the decision of the main medical commission, Feoktistov was suspended from preparation for the flight for health reasons and was replaced by Gennady Strekalov .

He left the cosmonaut corps in 1987, and until 1990 he continued to work as deputy general designer of NPO Energia. During his time at NPO Energia, he played an important role in the creation of new spacecraft, including the Mir space station. Feoktistov, being a doctor of technical sciences, taught at Bauman Moscow State Technical University, was a corresponding member of the International Academy of Astronautics .

Statistics ^[10]

In the book “The trajectory of life. Between Yesterday and Tomorrow, ”Feoktistov argued that the manned space program did not bring significant scientific benefits at the moment, except for studying the very stay of man in space. Most of the research carried out at orbital stations could be carried out by unmanned means. In addition, in his opinion, the Soviet orbital stations were poorly equipped with scientific equipment ^[11] .

• Feoktistov K.P. Scientific orbital complex. - M.: Knowledge, 1980 .-- 64 p.
• Bubnov I.N. , Feoktistov K.P. On spacecraft. A book about the life and work of an astronaut-engineer, dialogues about the appearance of the first spacecraft, about the ways and problems of the development of manned space flights, about the space future of mankind. (Series "People and Space"). M .: Young Guard, 1982.
• Feoktistov K.P. (Ed.) Rocket and Space Complex: Spacecraft. - M .: Military Publishing, 1983. - 320 p.
• Feoktistov K.P. Cosmonautics without fanfare and ambition. - M.: Knowledge, 1991 .-- 62 p.
• Feoktistov K.P. Space technology. Development Prospects: Textbook. allowance. - M.: Publishing House of MSTU. Bauman, 1997 .-- 172 p.
• Feoktistov K.P. Trajectory of life. Between yesterday and tomorrow. - M .: Vagrius, 2000 .-- 416 p.
• Feoktistov K.P. But we did rockets: Memoirs and reflections of an astronaut-researcher. - M .: Time, 2005 .-- 288 p. - ISBN 5-9691-0016-1 .

• Gold Star Medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union (October 19, 1964);
• Order of Lenin (October 19, 1964);
• two orders of World War I degree (1965, 1985);
• two orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1957, 1961);
• Order of the Badge of Honor (1974);
• medal “For valiant work. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Lenin ”(1970);
• Zhukov medal (1995);
• medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1946);
• medal "For the development of virgin lands" (October 13, 1964);
• The sign "50 years of the Cheka - KGB" (1967);
• laureate of the Lenin Prize (1966);
• Laureate of the USSR State Prize (December 5, 1976);
• Gold Star medal of the Hero of Labor of the DRV ( DRV , November 6, 1964);
• honorary citizen of the city of Kaluga ;
• honorary citizen of the city of Voronezh .

• The crater on the far side of the moon is named after him.
• One of the streets of Voronezh is named after him.
• One of the streets of Rossosh of the Voronezh region is named after him ^[12] .
• One of the streets of Kamyshin of the Volgograd region is named after him.
• His name is called school number 5 of the city of Voronezh ^[7] .

Movies

• Moscow meets the astronauts - USSR, TSSDF , 1964.
• Three in space - USSR, 1964.
• In space "Sunrise" - USSR, Tsentrnauchfilm , 1965.

• S.P. Korolev. Encyclopedia of Life and Creativity / Ed. V.A. Lopota . - M .: RSC Energia named after S.P. Koroleva, 2014 .-- ISBN 978-5-906674-04-3 .
• Chertok B. E. Rockets and people. Lunar race. - M .: Mechanical Engineering , 1999 .-- 602 p. - ISBN 5-217-02942-0 .
• Ostashev A.I. Sergey Pavlovich Korolev - a genius of the 20th century: lifetime personal memories of academician S.P. Korolev. - Korolev: Publishing house of the Moscow state. University of Forests, 2010 .-- 128 p. - ISBN 978-5-8135-0510-2 .
• I. A. Marinin, S. Kh. Shamsutdinov, A. V. Glushko (compilers). Soviet and Russian astronauts. 1960-2000 / Edited by Yu. M. Baturin . - M .: LLC Information and Publishing House "Cosmonautics News", 2001. - ISBN 5-93345-003-0 .

Feoktistov, Konstantin Petrovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".

• Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov .
• Konstantin Feoktistov .
• Official site of the administration of Baikonur. Honorary citizens of the city .