The Berel stage is one of the stages of the development of the culture of the nomads of Eastern Kazakhstan of the early Iron Age (5th-4th centuries BC).
General Information
The Berel stage is the second, after Maimyr (VII – VI century BC) stage of the cultural development of the nomads of Eastern Kazakhstan of the early Iron Age. He himself preceded the so-called Kulazhorginsky stage (III — I centuries BC.) [1] .
The stage got its name by name, located in the floodplain of the Bukhtarma River, Bolshoi Berelsky kurgan , where numerous artifacts of that period were found.
Research Results
The research work of the stage at different times was conducted by V. V. Radlov , S. S. Sorokin, M. K. Kadyrbaev, Z. S. Samashev. Artifacts of the Berel stage are common in the western Altai foothills, the Zhaisan depression, up to the Ortis steppes. The main feature of this period is the large number of monuments and the uniformity of cultural signs. Monuments of the mountainous regions of Upper Buktyrma are similar to the Pazyryk Altai culture. Barrows with low stone embankments of the preceding Mayamir stage are also widespread here [2] .
In ordinary funerary constructions a low, 3-4 crown, log building was built. Unlike the monuments of the valley of the river Ertis and the Zhaysan depression, the kurgan mounds were erected from the earth with the use of pebbles. In the burial chambers there are no burials of horses and wooden floors. Here are found bronze tips of battle arrows with three blades, small bronze mirrors, bronze and iron daggers and axes. Artifacts of applied art made of wood and bone, gold and bronze, leather, fur and felt have been found in abundance. By the end of the Berel stage, iron everywhere replaced bronze [3] .
Notes
- ↑ Kadyrbaev MK Eastern Kazakhstan in the era of early iron // History of Kazakhstan, vol. 1, A., 1996.
- ↑ Berel stage // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2004. - T. I. - ISBN 9965-9389-9-7 .
- ↑ Sorokin S. S. The Big Berelsky Kurgan (TGZ), vol. 10, 1969.
When writing this article, material from the “ Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia "(1998-2007), provided by the editorial" Kazakh encyclopedia "under the license Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported .