Clopiraralide is a selective herbicide , a chloro derivative of picolinic acid from the group of pyridine carboxylic acids.
| Clopyralid | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Systematic name | 3,6-Dichloropyridin-2-carboxylic acid |
| Chem. formula | C 6 H 3 Cl 2 NO 2 |
| Physical properties | |
| condition | white crystalline substance [1] |
| Molar mass | 192 g / mol |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. melt. | 151–152 ° C |
| Chemical properties | |
| Solubility in water | 143 g · d −1 at 20 ° C [2] |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| Chebi | |
| ChemSpider | |
| Security | |
| LD 50 | 4300 mg · kg -1 (rat, oral) [1]
|
| R phrases | R41 |
| S-phrases | S22 S24 / 25 |
| H phrases | H318 , H411 |
| P-phrases | P273 , P280 , P305 + 351 + 338 |
| GHS icons |   |
Content
- 1 Synthesis
- 2 Use
- 3 Approval
- 4 Note
Synthesis
The synthesis of clopyralid begins with 2-picoline, which is chlorinated in the light. Then, under the action of nitric acid, the trichloromethyl group is oxidized to a carboxyl group [3] .
Usage
Clopiraralide is used as an active ingredient in plant protection products [1] . The compound was introduced to the market in 1975 by Dow Chemical as a systemic and selective auxin herbicide. It can be stored in compost for a long time and harm plants that fertilize it [4] [5] .
This herbicide is used after emergence on the crops of sugar and fodder beets against various weeds, such as thistle , coltsfoot , cornflower, knotweed , chamomile. It is also used in rape, corn, onion and strawberry crops and in the cultivation of ornamental plant material [2] [6] . Clopirilide is one of the few effective herbicides available against the Cirsium field , harmful, perennial weed. It is especially dangerous for peas, tomatoes and sunflowers and can make potatoes, lettuce and spinach not edible [5] .
Approval
Clopiraralide was included in the list of plant protection products approved by the EU on May 1, 2007 [7] . In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, as well as in other EU countries, clopyralide is approved for use [8] .
Note
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Record of Clopyralid in the GESTIS Substance Database of the IFA .
- ↑ 1 2 Eintrag zu Clopyralid (German) . In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 12. Juni 2014.
- ↑ Thomas A. Unger. Clopyralid // Pesticide Synthesis Handbook . - Park Ridge NJ: Noyes Publications, 1996 .-- P. 530. - ISBN 0-8155-1401-8 .
- ↑ David E. Haskell, California Department of Pesticide Regulation Clopyralid in Compost (unavailable link) 2003 Proceedings of the California Weed Science Society 55: 163-166
- ↑ 1 2 Moody, Oliver . Weedkiller banned in US 'is getting into compost and killing garden vegetables' , London: The Times (February 23, 2013).
- ↑ Orefa-Clopyralid Archived July 15, 2014 on Wayback Machine S. 4
- ↑ Richtlinie 2006/64 / EG der Kommission vom 18.
- ↑ Generaldirektion Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit der Europäischen Kommission: Eintrag zu Clopyralid in der EU-Pestiziddatenbank ; Eintrag in den nationalen Pflanzenschutzmittelverzeichnissen der Schweiz Archived August 21, 2016 to Wayback Machine , Österreichs Archived March 6, 2016 to Wayback Machine und Deutschlands (link unavailable) (link unavailable) (link unavailable) ; abgerufen am 16.