Schwartz, Stanislav Semenovich

Born April 1, 1919 in Yekaterinoslav .

In 1937 , S. S. Schwartz entered the Faculty of Biology of Leningrad University , where D. N. Kashkarov and P. V. Terentyev were his teachers. During the war , he volunteered for the front. ^[1] After demobilization in 1942, he graduated from university with an extern and entered graduate school. In 1946 he defended his thesis.

Since 1946 - in Sverdlovsk . Organizer and head (since 1952 ) of the Laboratory of Animal Ecology of Populations. 1954 - doctor of sciences, 1966 - corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1970 - full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1955 - 1976 - Director of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the USSR Academy of Sciences , whose activities he gave a modern focus.

S. S. Schwartz developed a method of morphophysiological indicators for determining the state and forecasting the development of animal populations, new ideas about the ecological mechanisms of the evolutionary process in nature, metabolic regulation of the growth rate and development in animal populations, and made a significant contribution to the development of animal population ecology (the idea of ​​biological the peculiarity of seasonal generations of animals), the chemical ecology of aquatic animals. He headed the comprehensive studies of the nature of the Far North .

S.S. Schwartz with his students over more than 20 years of multilateral research has discovered and formulated a pattern that has been elevated to the rank of Schwartz’s environmental rule: speciation is a distinct adaptation stage, the formation of a new, more energy-efficient adaptation than specialized intraspecific forms. This phenomenon has significant general biological significance, it is reflected in the numerous works of Schwartz, his fundamental works.

Academician I.P. Gerasimov was a supporter of the theory of S.S. Schwartz about the impossibility of the universal preservation of primordial biocenoses on the territory of the Soviet Union, which was explained by the growing needs of the national economy and the consumption of natural resources. To meet these needs, it was necessary to create artificial ecosystems that would ensure the synthesis of a large amount of oxygen, animal and plant products. The high productivity of artificial ecosystems ensured its reserve activity, that is, the preservation of biomass production under random external influences ^[2] .

S. S. Schwartz is also the founder of the Ural Scientific School in the field of population and evolutionary ecology.

• Order of Lenin (1967)
• Order of the October Revolution (1975)
• Prize named after A.N. Severtsov (1972)

• Principles and methods of modern animal ecology. - Sverdlovsk, 1960;
• Ways of adaptation of terrestrial vertebrates to the conditions of existence in the Subarctic. - Sverdlovsk, 1963;
• Method of morpho-physiological indicators in the ecology of terrestrial vertebrates. - Sverdlovsk, 1968 (jointly with V. S. Smirnov and L. N. Dobrinsky);
• The evolutionary ecology of animals. - Sverdlovsk, 1969;
• The effect of the group in aquatic animal populations and chemical ecology. - M., 1976 (shared with others).

In Yekaterinburg , Academician Schwartz Street was named after him.

• Profile of Stanislav Semenovich Schwartz on the official website of the RAS

• Bolshakov V.N., Dobrinsky L.N. Stanislav Semenovich Schwartz, 1919-1976 / Res. ed. Academician P.L. Gorchakovsky. - M: Nauka, 2002 .-- 123 p. - ( Scientific and biographical literature ). - 400 copies. - ISBN 5-02-022734-X .