- This person has a Manipurian name, in which: Irom - last name, Sharmila - personal name, Chanu - gender identifier.
Irom Chanu Sharmila (born March 14, 1972 ) [1] , also known as the “ Iron Lady of Manipur ” or “ Mengubi ” (“honest”) [2] is a human rights activist, politician and poet from the Indian state of Manipur . On November 2, 2000 [3] she began a hunger strike , which ended on August 9, 2016, 16 years later. Refusing food and water for more than 500 weeks, she set a record for the longest hunger strike in the world [4] . On International Women's Day 2014, she was recognized as the Woman of the Year of India according to an MSN poll [5] [6] .
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Hunger strike
Irom Sharmila protested against the “Law on Special Powers of the Armed Forces”, which has been in force in some territories of northeast India since 1958, and a similar law in Jammu and Kashmir since 1990, which provide military personnel with wide powers, including the right to shoot to kill at certain situations and carry out arrests without a warrant. The law also provides the security forces with actual immunity from prosecution, giving them prior authorization from the central government for their actions, which is an almost unique situation.
She began her hunger strike in November 2000, when 10 civilians were killed by Indian soldiers in Manipur. She has been detained for more than 10 years and force-fed through a pipe in her nose on the basis of Indian law, according to which attempting suicide is a crime.
In 2014, two parties asked her to participate in the national elections, but she refused. At that time, she was denied the right to vote, since, according to Indian laws, a person placed in prison does not have the right to vote [7] [8] [9] . On August 19, 2014, the court ordered her release from custody, provided that there were no other grounds for her detention. She was again arrested on August 22, 2014 on charges similar to the previous ones [10] . Amnesty International declared her a prisoner of conscience. [11]
Every two weeks, an activist appeared in the High Court of Manipur to confirm her protest.
On July 26, 2016, Irom Sharmila announced that she would end her hunger strike on August 9, 2016. She also announced that she would run for the Manipur state legislature. [12] After that, the court released her on bail.
Family
Sharmila, the youngest of nine children in the family, was born when her mother, Shakhi Devi, was 44 years old. Sharmila's father, Irom Nanda Singh, was a clerk in the department of veterinary medicine and died in 1989 of cancer. Her paternal grandmother, Irom Tonsija Devi, who died in 2009 at the age of 105, fought in the second against British rule [13] [14] .
Books
- Fragrance of Peace (2010)
Notes
- ↑ Mehrotra, Deepti Priya. The Making of an Activist // Burning Bright: Irom Sharmila and the Struggle for Peace in Manipur. - Penguin Books India, 2012 .-- ISBN 9788184751536 .
- ↑ Rituparna Chatterjee. Spot the Difference: Hazare vs. Irom Sharmila . Sinlung (April 20, 2011). Date of appeal April 30, 2011.
- ↑ Bagchi, Suvojit Manipur woman's marathon fast (English) (16 September 2006). Date of treatment November 11, 2013.
- ↑ Andrew Buncombe. A decade of starvation for Irom Sharmila . The Independent (November 4, 2010). Archived October 22, 2012.
- ↑ Irom Sharmila is top woman icon: MSN poll . MSN (March 11, 2014). Date of treatment April 17, 2014.
- ↑ Irom Sharmila voted MSN poll's Top Woman Icon in India. (eng.) . Seven Sisters Project (May 20, 2014). Archived March 21, 2014.
- ↑ Irom Sharmila not allowed to vote in Manipur . Zee News (April 7, 2014). Date of treatment April 17, 2014.
- ↑ Irom Sharmila Chanu's moral support to AAP . The Times Of India (March 14, 2014). Date of treatment April 17, 2014.
- ↑ Irom Sharmila not allowed to vote in Manipur EC official says Under Section 62 (5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, a person confined in jail cannot vote . Business Standard . Date of treatment April 17, 2014.
- ↑ Irom Chanu Sharmila charged with attempted suicide, sent to judicial custody again . The Times of India (August 22, 2014). Date of treatment August 22, 2014.
- ↑ In India, the prisoner of conscience Irom Sharmila Was released . Amnesty International. Date of treatment August 6, 2016.
- ↑ Irom Sharmila: India activist to end fast after 16 years . BBC Date of treatment July 27, 2016.
- ↑ Esha Roy. Who was Irom Sharmila: A look at the life she has lost, and memories that sustain her . The Indian Express (November 23, 2014). Date of treatment August 6, 2016.
- ↑ Sumit Bhattacharya. The tragedy of being Irom Sharmila (English) . Rediff.com (August 9, 2016). Date of treatment August 6, 2016.
Links
- Photo: Indian activist ends the longest hunger strike in history . BBC (August 9, 2016).
- The Indian activist decided to stop the hunger strike, which lasted 15 years . Lenta.ru (July 26, 2016).
- Anish Krishnan Nayar. Poems of Irom Sharmila unopened (link not available) . Muse India (2012). Date accessed August 10, 2016. Archived March 4, 2016.
- Official Blog of Save Sharmila Solidarity Campaign