A single work of art ( German: Gesamtkunstwerk [gə.zamtˌku̇nstˌveɐ̯k]) is a comprehensive (universal) work of art that combines various types of art within a single artistic object. The notions of “universal work of art” [2] , “ideal work of art” [3] , “single work of art” [4] , “total work of art” [5] , and “synthetic work of art” [6] are used to designate the Gesamtkunstverk . Gesamtkunstverk uses the concept of the sublime as a basis [3] , which is an important component of the ideology of the New Time [7] .
Origin and term
The term appeared in German philosophy of the era of romanticism . The concept was formed in the work of the German philosopher and theologian Karl Friedrich Thrandorf in 1827 [8] . Nevertheless, the idea of a Unified Work of Art finds its parallels in its early art forms - the culture of ancient Greece and, in particular, the ancient Greek theater. In 1849, the term Hezamtkunstverk was used in the text of Richard Wagner to describe the specificity and quality of musical works - in particular, opera [9] . Gesamtkunstverk remains an important concept of the theory of art and implies the creation of a work of art that is ideal in its unity [3] .
In Fine Art
The principle of a single or synthetic work of art, in particular, is implemented in the culture of the Renaissance - for example, in the work of Michelangelo . His work implied the use of the specifics of different types of art: sculpture, painting, architecture, engineering. The master’s works are formed as a single object, where different genres of art are connected [10] . The creation of a single work of art was an important part of the concept of the Arts and Crafts movement.
In music
The idea of Gesamtkunstverk was important for the formation of musical space. Under the influence of the concept of a single work of art, Wagner created the Bayreuth Festival Theater , for which he intended his latest opera Parsifal [11] . The idea of Gezamkunstverk was reflected in the opera - in particular, in the musical and theoretical works of Richard Wagner [12] . The creation of a universal work of art based on opera was one of the main ideas of symbolism (the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries). The concept of Hezamtkunstverk influenced the ideas of Kandinsky and Scriabin .
In architecture
In architecture, the term Gesamtkunstwerk denotes the desire for a synthetic unity of elements [13] . The idea of a single work of art was developed by representatives of the Bauhaus school. Its director Walter Gropius suggested that the filling of the interior should support the overall architectural concept. Home textiles, furniture and lighting fixtures are subject to a single artistic idea [14] .
The idea of Gesamkunstverk , the desire for a universal work of art is an important part of the concept of Art Nouveau style (for example, the Stockle Palace and Goetheanum ). Work on the work implied the design of both the building and its content: architecture, pictorial elements, decorative elements, household items, etc. d. [15] . The architectural features of the building were continued in the form of door handles, carpet patterns, lamp designs, and even in the hostess’s home dress.
Other Arts
In part, the concept of Gesamtkunstverk is reflected in the art of cinema [16] .
Notes
- ↑ The Total Work of Art: Foundations, Articulations, Inspirations (eds. David Imhoof, Margaret Eleanor Menninger). Berghahn Books, 2016. ISBN 9781785331855 . P. 72.
- ↑ Szeemann H. Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk. Europäische Utopien seit 1800. Ausstellungs-Katalog. Zürich: Kunsthaus, 1983.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Fornoff R. Die Sehnsucht nach dem Gesamtkunstwerk. Studien zu einer ästhetischen Konzeption der Moderne. Hildesheim, Zürich, New York: Olms 2004.
- ↑ Bergande W. The creative destruction of the total work of art. From Hegel to Wagner and beyond // The death and life of the total work of art. Berlin: Jovis, 2014.
- ↑ Finger A .; Follett D. The Aesthetics of the Total Artwork: On Borders and Fragments. Baltimor: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011.
- ↑ Finger A. Das Gesamtkunstwerk der Moderne. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2006.
- ↑ Vasilieva E. The Figure of the Exalted and the Crisis of the Ideology of the New Time // Fashion Theory: Body, Clothing, Culture 2018, No. 47, pp. 10 - 29.
- ↑ Trahndorff KF Ästhetik oder Lehre von Weltanschauung und Kunst (1827). Nabu Press, 2011.
- ↑ Wolfman U. Richard Wagner's Concept of the 'Gesamtkunstwerk' // Interlude, 2013.
- ↑ V.V. Bychkov. The vocabulary of the nonclassics. Artistic and aesthetic culture of the 20th century. - 2003.
- ↑ Schneller D. Richard Wagners "Parsifal" und die Erneuerung des Mysteriendramas in Bayreuth. Die Vision des Gesamtkunstwerks als Universalkultur der Zukunft. Bern: Lang 1997.
- ↑ A to Z of Wagner: G is for Gesamtkunstwerk | Music | The guardian
- ↑ ArtLex Art Dictionary (inaccessible link) . Archived August 14, 2016.
- ↑ Robert L. Delevoy. Encyclopaedia of Modern Architecture. - Thames & Hudson, 1977.
- ↑ Michael A. Vidalis. Gesamtkunstwerk - total work of art, Architectural Review. - June 30, 2010.
- ↑ David Schroeder. Cinema's Illusions, Opera's Allure: The Operatic Impulse in Film . Bloosmbury, 2016. ISBN 9781474291415 . P. 31.
Literature
- Bergande W. The creative destruction of the total work of art. From Hegel to Wagner and beyond // The death and life of the total work of art. Berlin: Jovis, 2014.
- Finger A .; Follett D. The Aesthetics of the Total Artwork: On Borders and Fragments. Baltimor: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011.
- Finger A. Das Gesamtkunstwerk der Moderne. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2006.
- Fornoff R. Die Sehnsucht nach dem Gesamtkunstwerk. Studien zu einer ästhetischen Konzeption der Moderne. Hildesheim, Zürich, New York: Olms 2004.
- Schneller D. Richard Wagners "Parsifal" und die Erneuerung des Mysteriendramas in Bayreuth. Die Vision des Gesamtkunstwerks als Universalkultur der Zukunft. Bern: Lang 1997.
- Szeemann H. Der Hang zum Gesamtkunstwerk. Europäische Utopien seit 1800. Ausstellungs-Katalog. Zürich: Kunsthaus, 1983.
- Trahndorff KF Ästhetik oder Lehre von Weltanschauung und Kunst (1827). Nabu Press, 2011 .-- 712 p.
- Wolfman U. Richard Wagner's Concept of the 'Gesamtkunstwerk' // Interlude, 2013.