Swartkrans ( Swartkrans ) - a place in the province of Gauteng in the north of South Africa , known for finds of hominids . It is located southwest of Pretoria, 10 km north-northwest of Krugersdorp and 32 km from Johannesburg, not far from Sterkfonteyna [1] .
R. Broome and J. Robinson discovered in 1948 the bony remains of the parantrop (massive Australopithecus ), and in 1949 - the bones of the primitive human telanthropus [2] . Later, the telanthropus was qualified as Homo habilis , then - as Homo erectus . It is a paratype of the species Homo gautengensis .
The jaws of the species Telanthropus capensis are similar to the species Homo naledi , and the teeth are similar to Australopithecus sediba [3] .
On the left fifth metatarsal bone, SK 7923 was used to detect osteosarcoma using microfocus X-ray computed tomography [4] [5] .
In horizon III, which includes 5 m of sediments, 1.0–1.5 million years old. It was excavated several chopped, other stone tools, traces of cutting these tools on the bones, bone tools and pieces of burnt clay exposed to fire at a temperature of 200 to 500 ° C, which indicates the controlled use of fire by people [6] [7 ] ] .
Svartkrans is part of the Cradle of Humanity - a World Heritage Site [8] .
Notes
- ↑ Swarthcrans: pre-archanthropes. / Swartkrans
- ↑ Broom R. , Robinson JT , Swartkrans Ape-man. Paranthropus crassidens, "Transvaal museum", Memoir No. 6, Pretoria, 1952.
- ↑ Drobyshevsky S. Remembering the telanthropes: the collapse of the “ Homo naledi theory”?
- ↑ Earliest hominin cancer: 1.7-million-year-old osteosarcoma from Swartkrans Cave, South Africa , Vol 112 No. 7/8 (2016): South African Journal of Science
- ↑ Cancer - a stone age disease? 1.7 million years old bone tumor
- ↑ CK Brain; A. Sillent. Evidence from the Swartkrans cave for the earliest use of fire (Eng.) // Nature: journal. - 1988 .-- 1 December ( vol. 336 , no. 6198 ). - P. 464-466 . - DOI : 10.1038 / 336464a0 .
- ↑ Rincon, Paul . Bones hint at first use of fire (March 22, 2004). Date of treatment August 2, 2016.
- ↑ Lesnik, J .; Thackeray, JF The efficiency of stone and bone tools for opening termite mounds: implications for hominid tool use at Swartkrans // English South African Journal of Science : journal. - 2007. - Vol. 103 . - P. 354-356 .