Efim Borisovich Chernyak ( November 18, 1923 , Astrakhan - June 30, 2013 , USA ) - Soviet and Russian historian-English historian, Shakespeare. Doctor of historical sciences (since 1962 ), professor. He made a tremendous contribution to the study of the history, forms and methods of conducting political, diplomatic , military and military-technical intelligence, as well as genuine biographies of historical personalities involved in them and the activities of intelligence agencies of various states (mainly the USA , Great Britain and Western European states), he actually foundations of the interdisciplinary direction of research activity, now known as the "history of intelligence."
| Efim Borisovich Chernyak | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | November 18, 1923 |
| Place of Birth | Astrakhan , USSR |
| Date of death | June 30, 2013 (89 years old) |
| Place of death | USA |
| A country |  USSR →  Russia |
| Scientific field | History of England , History of Europe , New time , Modern time , historiography |
| Place of work | Institute of History, USSR Academy of Sciences |
| Alma mater | Moscow State University , Kazan Pedagogical Institute |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Historical Sciences |
| Academic rank | Professor |
| supervisor | M.A. Barg |
Content
Biography
Born November 18, 1923 , in the family of a writer . Father Bert Chernyak was a member of the Union of Soviet Writers (BSP).
In 1927, the family moved from Astrakhan to Moscow. He graduated from Moscow high school with honors, and in 1941 entered the history department of Moscow State University . During the evacuation from Moscow due to military events at the beginning of World War II, he transferred to the historical faculty of Kazan Pedagogical Institute , which he successfully graduated from.
In 1944 he entered the graduate school of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences . In 1947, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "The radical movement in England after the Napoleonic Wars (the formation of a revolutionary situation in 1816-1820)."
In May 1947, he was a senior researcher at the Department of General History of the State Scientific Institute "Soviet Encyclopedia" (since 1949, the State Scientific Publishing House "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" ); at the same time taught the course of modern history at the Ivanovo Pedagogical Institute .
From 1948 to 1954 - Associate Professor of the Military Institute of Foreign Languages .
From December 1955, he was a researcher at the Institute of General History of the USSR Academy of Sciences , where he worked until 1995 as a head of the sector of modern history.
In 1962 he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences on the topic "Mass movements in England and Ireland in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries." [1] .
Wife: Zhuravlyova Svetlana Matveevna (1937-1984). Son: Chernyak Valentin Efimovich (b. 1963).
In recent years, after the death of his wife, he lived in the United States with the family of his son [2] .
He died on June 30, 2013, and was buried at Hillside Cemetery, in Metachen , New Jersey , USA [3] .
Scientific Interests
E.B. Chernyak was a major specialist in the new and modern history of Western Europe and the United States, but initially the central theme of research was the history of England in modern times. He was interested in questions of the methodology of history, historiography, as well as the history of socio-economic formations in transitional periods [4] . The historian studied the history of the First World War. In this part, he put forward the "concept of alternative historical development" [5] . In addition to scientific monographs, E. B. Chernyak wrote popular science works “Five Centuries of Secret War”, “Centuries-old Conflicts” and others [6] .
Scientific Papers
Monographs
- Barg M. A. , Chernyak E. B. The Great Social Revolutions of the 17th — 18th Centuries. - M .: Nauka , 1990 .-- 258 p. - ISBN 5-02-008946-x .
- Tyomkin Ya. G., Chernyak Ye. B. The robber path of American aggressors: Historical outline. - M .: Military Publishing , 1952. - 215 p.
- Chernyak Ye. B. Lawyers of Colonialism. Neocolonialist historiography. - M.: Thought , 1964 .-- 375 p.
- Chernyak E. B. Century-old conflicts. - M.: International Relations , 1988. - 400 p. - ISBN 5-7133-0116-8 .
- Chernyak Ye. B. Time past conspiracies. - M.: International Relations, 1994. - 544 p. ISBN 5-7133-0625-9
- Chernyak Ye. B. The Democratic Movement in England 1816-1820. - M.: Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1957. - 300 p.
- Chernyak Ye. B. Gendarmes of history (counter-revolutionary interventions and conspiracies). - M.: International Relations, 1969. - 561 p.
- Chernyak Ye. B. Intrigues of antiquity deep. The story of the backstage secrets of power. - M.: Ripol Classic, 2003 .-- 672 p. - ISBN 5-7905-1886-9 .
- Chernyak E. B. Historiography versus history. - M.: Institute of International Relations, 1962. - 368 p.
- Chernyak Ye. B. The mass movement in England and Ireland in the late XVIII - early XIX century. - M.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1962. - 720 p.
- Chernyak Ye. B. Invisible empires: Secret societies of the old and new times in the West. - M.: Thought, 1987 .-- 272 p.
- Chernyak E. B. The veil of times. Encrypted chapters of the story. - M .: Kraft +, 2007. - Part 1. - 384 p. - ISBN 978-5-93675-124-0 , 978-5-93675-125-7; 2008. - Part 2. 464 s. ISBN 978-5-93675-125-7 , 978-5-93675-142-4; 2007. - Part 3. - 336 s. - ISBN 978-5-93675-129-5 , 978-5-93675-125-7.
- Chernyak E. B. Sentence of centuries. - M.: Thought, 1971. - 438 p.
- Chernyak Ye. B. Ghostly pages of history. - M .: Ostozhye, 2000 .-- 428 p. - ISBN 5-93476-002-5 .
- Chernyak Ye. B. Five centuries of the secret war. From the history of secret diplomacy and intelligence. - M .: International Relations, 1991. - 2nd ed. - 560 s. - ISBN 5-7133-0358-6 .
- Chernyak Ye. B. Secret diplomacy of Great Britain. - M .: International Relations, 1975 .-- 374 p.
- Chernyak E. B. Judicial loop. The Secret History of Political Processes in the West. - M.: Thought, 1991 .-- 615 p. - ISBN 5-244-00510-3 .
- Chernyak Ye. B. Judges and conspirators. - M.: Thought, 1984. - 339 p.
- Chernyak E. B. Secrets of England. Conspiracies. Intrigue. Hoaxes. - M .: Ostozhye, 1996 .-- 226 p. - ISBN 5-86095-053-5 .
- Chernyak E. B. Secrets of the British Crown special services. Provocations of Misty Albion. - M .: Algorithm, 2014 .-- 256 s. - ISBN 978-5-4438-0701-0 .
- Chernyak Ye. B. Secrets of the Old and New Worlds. - M .: Ostozhye, 1996 .-- 526 p. - ISBN 5-86095-065-9 .
- Chernyak E. B. Secrets of France. Conspiracies, intrigues, mystifications. - M.: Ostozhye, 1996 .-- 512 p. - ISBN 5-86095-060-8 .
- Chernyak E. B. Chimeras of the old world. From the history of psychological warfare. - M.: Young Guard , 1970 .-- 272 p.
- Chernyak E. B. Civilization. The science of civilization. - M .: International relations, 1996. - 384 p. - ISBN 5-7133-0868-5 .
Articles
- Barg M. A., Chernyak Ye. B. Revolutions of a European scale in the transition from feudalism to capitalism (XVI — XIX centuries) // New and modern history . - 1988. - No. 3. - S. 56-77.
- Barg M. A., Chernyak Ye. B. Region as a category of internal typology of class-antagonistic formations // Problems of socio-economic formations: historical and typological study. - M .: Nauka, 1975 .-- S. 40-78.
- Barg M. A., Chernyak Ye. B. The structure and development of class-antagonistic formations // Philosophy Issues . - 1967. - No. 6. - S. 48-54.
- Zak L. A., Chernyak E. B. The falsification of history in the American Encyclopedia // Questions of History . - 1954. - No. 11. - S. 121-128.
- Chernyak E. B. 1794: Actual problems of the study of the Great French Revolution // French Yearbook , 1987. 200 years of the Great French Revolution. - M., Nauka, 1989 .-- S. 240-277.
- Chernyak E. B. "Demonology" and "witch hunt" in the XVI-XVII centuries // History. - 1979. - No. 10. - S. 99—111.
- Chernyak Ye. B. West-European Freemasonry of the 18th Century // History. - 1981. - No. 12. - S. 109-118.
- Chernyak Ye. B. History of the 19th century: problems and reflections // New and recent history. - 1991. - No. 1. - S. 82-95.
- Chernyak Ye. B. History and logic (structure of historical categories) // Questions of history. - 1995. - No. 10. - S. 29-43.
- Chernyak Ye. B. Monopoly capitalism in the first half of the 20th century in historical retrospective // New and recent history. - 1990. - No. 2. - S. 20-36.
- Chernyak E. B. The First Russian Revolution and the Labor Movement in England and Ireland // The First Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. and the international movement: at 2 o’clock / USSR Academy of Sciences, Department of History; ed. A.M. Pankratova. - M.: Politizdat, 1956. - Part 2. P. 131-180.
- Chernyak, E. B., The Powder Plot // Soviet Justice . - 1993. - No. four.
- Chernyak E. B. Socio-political views of the English radicals in the years after the Napoleonic Wars // History. - 1948. - No. 8. - S. 43-57.
- Chernyak Ye. B. Civilizations and revolutions // New and recent history. - 1993. - No. 4. - S. 57-73.
Notes
- ↑ Dobrova E. A. On the 80th anniversary of Efim Borisovich Chernyak // Russia and Europe: diplomacy and culture. - M .: Nauka, 2004. - Issue. 3. - S. 281-282.
- ↑ Ginsberg L. I. About friends-comrades and about themselves ... // Questions of history. - 2006. - No. 12. - S. 139.
- ↑ Grave Site of Efim Chernyak (1923-2013) | Billiongraves
- ↑ Dobrova E. A. On the 80th anniversary of Efim Borisovich Chernyak // Russia and Europe: diplomacy and culture. - M .: Nauka, 2004. - Issue. 3. - S. 282-283.
- ↑ Kozenko B. D. Domestic historiography of the First World War // New and modern history. - 2001. - No. 3. - S. 24.
- ↑ Dobrova E. A. On the 80th anniversary of Efim Borisovich Chernyak // Russia and Europe: diplomacy and culture. - M .: Nauka, 2004. - Issue. 3. - S. 283-284.
Literature
- Ginsberg L. I. About friends-comrades and about myself ... // Questions of history . - 2006. - No. 12. - S. 138-146.
- Dobrova E. A. On the 80th anniversary of Efim Borisovich Chernyak // Russia and Europe: diplomacy and culture. - M .: Nauka , 2004. - Issue. 3. - S. 281-285.
- Kozenko B. D. Domestic historiography of the First World War // New and modern history . - 2001. - No. 3. - S. 3-27.
- Mochalova E.A. William Pitt Jr. and Charles James Fox in Russian historiography // Retrospective: World History through the Eyes of Young Researchers. - 2006. - Vol. 2. - S. 33-44.
- Pisanyi M. D. On some aspects of highlighting the problem of slavery in modern times in the works of prominent representatives of Soviet and Anglo-American historiography of the 1950s and 1960s: An attempt at a comparative analysis // News of the Lviv National University of Taras Shevchenko. - 2012. - No. 6. Part 2. - S. 179—194.