Long-snouted stingray [1] ( lat. Dipturus oxyrinchus ) is a species of cartilaginous fish of the rhombus family of stingrays of the order stingrays. They live in the central-eastern and northeastern parts of the Atlantic Ocean between 65 ° C. w. and 15 ° c. w. and between 19 ° c. d. and between and 36 ° c. They are found at a depth of up to 900 m. Their large, flattened pectoral fins form a rhombic disk with an elongated and pointed snout. The maximum recorded length is 150 cm. Eggs are laid. They are not the target fishing target, they are caught as by- catch [2] [3] [4] .
| Long-nosed ramp |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
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| International scientific name |
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Dipturus oxyrinchus ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
| Synonyms |
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- Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758 Synonym
- Raja salviani Müller & Henle, 1841
- Raja oxyrhyncha Linnaeus, 1758
- Raja macrorhyncha (non Rafinesque, 1810)
- Dipturus oxyrhynchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dipturus oxyrhinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Raja oxyrhynchus Linnaeus, 1758
- Raja vomer Fries, 1838
- Raja acus Lacepède, 1803
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| Security status |
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Close to vulnerableIUCN 3.1 Near Threatened : 63100 |
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Content
The species was first scientifically described in 1758 as Raja oxyrinchus [5] . Species epithet comes from the words of the other Greek. οξύς - "sharp" and Greek. ῥινός - “nose”. Probably, the species belongs to a complex of species; further taxonomic studies are needed to clarify the status [3] . Syntypes of Raja salviani : an immature male 97.5 cm long and a 108 cm long male caught in the Mediterranean Sea ( ) [6] .
These bathidemersal stingrays live in the northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Albania , Algeria , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Cyprus , Denmark , Egypt , the Faroe Islands , France , Greece , Ireland , Israel , Italy , Lebanon , Libya , Malta , Montenegro , Morocco , Norway , Portugal , Spain , Tunisia , Turkey and the United Kingdom . They occur along the outer edge of the continental shelf and on the continental slope at a depth of 90 to 900 m, mainly about 200 m [3] , at a temperature of 6 to 15.6 ºC [7] . Prefer a sandy bottom. There are two genetically isolated populations - the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean [3] .
The wide and flat pectoral fins of these rays form a rhombic disk with a rounded snout and rounded edges. On the ventral side of the disc are 5 gill slits, nostrils and mouth. On the long tail there are lateral folds. These skates have 2 reduced dorsal fins and a reduced caudal fin [2] . The front edge of the disc is concave. In young stingrays, the surface of the disc is almost smooth, and with age it becomes covered with spines. Both pectoral fins have bare areas. There are no thorns on the disk, along the tail from the cloaca lies the middle row of 4-11 thorns. Young skates sometimes have a single spike between the dorsal fins. The dorsal surface of the disc is light brown in color with numerous bright spots. Adults are painted in a darker shade. Mucous pores located on both sides of the disc are marked with black dots [8] .
The maximum recorded length is 150 cm [4] , the average length of males and females does not exceed 110–120 and 120–130 cm [8] .
Like other rhombic, these stingrays lay eggs enclosed in a rigid horn capsule with protrusions at the ends 14.0-23.5 cm long and 11.0-12.0 cm wide. Embryos feed exclusively on yolk . Recently hatched ramps tend to follow large objects similar to their mother [4] . Length when born about 17 cm. Males and females become sexually mature when reaching a length of 83.2 cm and 104.4 cm at the age of 6-8 years. The generation duration is estimated at 10 years [3] . The diet consists of bottom animals [4] . The monogenes Calicotyle kroyeri , Merizocotyle minor and Rajonchocotyle prenanti [9] , the cestodes Acanthobothrium benedeni , Acanthobothrium coronatum , Acanthobothrium dujardinii , etc., parasitize on these slopes. [10] and copepods Acanthochondrites annulatus , Charopinus dalmanni, and Nemesis robusta [11] .
These skates are not subject to target fishing, but are caught in by- catch . The meat is eaten. Slow growth and low fecundity makes this species susceptible to overfishing. In the area, quotas for fishing of skates have been introduced. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assigned the species a status of “Close to Vulnerability”.
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- P. 42 .-- 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. Family Rajidae - Skates (Neopr.) . Fishbase
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Dipturus oxyrinchus (English) . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Long-nosed stingray (English) in the FishBase database.
- ↑ Linnaeus Carolus . Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis . - 10. - Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii). Archived on October 10, 2008.
- ↑ Dipturus oxyrinchus (neopr.) . shark-references.com. Date of treatment July 29, 2016.
- ↑ Long-snout stingray (English) information on the Encyclopedia of Life website (EOL).
- ↑ 1 2 Long-nosed Skate (neopr.) . Shark trust.
- ↑ Sproston, NG A synopsis of the monogenetic trematodes // Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. - 1946. - Vol. 25. - P. 185-600.
- ↑ Williams HH The genus Acanthobothrium Beneden // Nytt Magasin for Zoologi. - 1849. - No. 17 . - P. 1-56.
- ↑ André Raibaut, Claude Combes, Françoise Benoit. Analysis of the parasitic copepod species richness among Mediterranean fish // Journal of Marine Systems. - 1998-06-01. - T. 15 . - Vol. 1-4. - P. 185-206, figs. 1-11, tbl.1 .. - DOI : 10.1016 / S0924-7963 (97) 00079-1 .
