20 × 82 mm - a cartridge developed in the 30s of the XX century by the German company Mauser for Wehrmacht anti-tank defense (2-cm Mauser gun), and then found application in aircraft (20-mm MG 151/20) and anti-aircraft weapons systems (2-cm FLAK 38) [1] [2] . The cartridge was most widely used during the Second World War as an ammunition for the MG 151/20 aviation guns, which were used by almost all types of German fighter aircraft.
| 20 × 82 mm | |
|---|---|
| Cartridge type | artillery ammunition |
| Producing country |  Germany France South Africa |
| Production history | |
| Constructor | Mauser |
| Time of creation | 1930s |
| Manufacturer | GIAT Industries Pretoria Metal Pressings |
| Years of production | 1930s to present |
| Specifications | |
| Cartridge weight, g | 205-210 |
| Cartridge Length, mm | 147.0 |
| Real bullet caliber , mm | 20 |
| Bullet weight, g | 92 ... 115 (WWII) |
| The mass of the powder charge, g | 18-20 (WWII) |
| Muzzle velocity , m / s | 705-805 (WWII) |
| Bullet Energy , J | 28500 |
| The length of the test barrel, mm | MG 151/20 |
| Liner parameters | |
| Sleeve shape | bottleless |
| Sleeve length mm | 81.7 |
| The diameter of the base of the sleeve, mm | 25.0 |
| Diameter of sleeve flange , mm | 25.1 |
| The mass of the sleeve, g | 72 - brass (WWII) |
History
When developing a 20 mm cartridge, Mauser designers increased the diameter of the cartridge barrel 15 × 96 (MG 151/15), at the same time reduced the sleeve height to 82 mm to keep the length of both cartridges the same and equal to 147 mm. The new 20 × 82 mm cartridge was equipped with shells standardized with those used for the MG FFM cannon (HE, fragmentation tracing and armor-piercing).
After 1945, it was put into production and adopted by France , supplied to many countries. Production continued until the 1970s [3] .
In South Africa, produced by Pretoria Metal Pressings . In the late 1980s, South Africa adopted a cartridge of a standard size 20 × 82 mm for cannon systems of its own design [1] . In particular, for the Vektor gun 20 mm GA1, NTW-20 and others [4] .
Cartridges of 20 × 82 mm produced in South Africa differ from the original shot by insignificant dimensional and some other differences. In particular, the height of the sleeve was increased to 83.5 mm, which, however, did not impede its equipment in the chamber of the MG 151 gun. A steel lacquered sleeve is used (cartridges of this type produced after France in 1945 had a brass sleeve). 20 mm shells contain a leading belt of soft iron to achieve minimal wear on the bore [5] . The following nomenclature of cartridges is issued: OFZ (M1A3), BR (M1A2), Practical (M2A1) - see fig.
| External Images | |
|---|---|
| Three types of modern cartridges 20 × 83.5mm manufactured by Denel (South Africa) | |
According to 2002, the cartridge was manufactured by Manurhim [3] , currently Nexter.
In addition, this ammunition (in a modified form and with new equipment [3] ) is offered for a number of large-caliber sniper rifles [1] , for example, for the Slovenian ALPIMEX APK 20 [6] .
Technical Specification
Has a brass sleeve of a bottle form without a rim; shells correspond to the cartridge 20 × 80 mm RB company Oerlikon [3] .
| Specifications | Their meanings [1] [3] [5] |
|---|---|
| Total length mm | 147 |
| Sleeve length mm | 81.7 83.5 (South Africa) |
| The diameter of the bottom of the sleeve, mm | 25.1 |
| Centering Diameter shell thickening, mm | 19.9 |
| Cartridge weight, g | 205 |
| Shell weight, g | 110 |
| Initial speed, m / s | 720 |
| Initial energy | 28.5 kj |
| Type Nomenclature | API, HEI-T, API-T, TP-T |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Hogg J. 20x82 mm MG151, Different countries // Ammunition: cartridges, grenades, artillery shells, mortar mines. - EKSMO-Press, 2001 .-- S. 38 .-- 144 p. - ISBN 5-04-007611-8 .
- ↑ Ammunition of caliber 20x82 mm // Soldier of Fortune: Monthly Journal. - M .: Publisher "Maker", 2000. - No. 10 (73) . - S. 46 . - ISSN 0201-7121 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 20 × 82 mm // Jane's Ammunition Handbook 2001-2002 / Terry J. Gander, Charles Q. Cutshaw. - 2002. - ISBN 978-0710623089 .
- ↑ NTW-20 Anti-Materiel Rifle on freerepublic.com
- ↑ 1 2 Jane's Ammunition Handbook 2006-2007, pp. 208-209 ISBN- 10 0 7106 27467
- ↑ Leigh Neville. ALPIMEX APK 20 20x82mm antimaterial rifle // Guns of the Special Forces. - Pen & Sword Military, 2015 .-- P. 317. - ISBN 978-1-47382-106-4 .